The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The existence and literary use of these Prākrits is most interesting in
the history both of the language and the literature, for they present
archaic features which place them on the same plane of change as Pāli
and the dialects of the older inscriptions. They may be set beside the
inscriptions in the Sītābengā and Jogīmārā caves on the Rāmgarh hill,
which both show lyric strophes. The influence of the Kāvya style in
Sanskrit can be traced obviously in the later Nāsik inscription in
Prākrit of the second century A.D., and even in the inscription of
Khāravela of Kalin̄ga perhaps in the second century B.C. [159] We
cannot, therefore, see any plausibility in the idea of the gradual
adaptation of Sanskrit, a sacred language, to belles lettres; on the
contrary the dramas show that the Prākrits in literature were already
under the influence of the Sanskrit Kāvya.
4. THE METRES
Scanty as the fragments are, they display another feature significant
of the development of the drama on the classical lines. The metres
employed are very numerous, as is natural in a poetry in which the
verse serves essentially the purpose of displaying the skill of the
writer. In addition to the Çloka we find the Upajāti (⏓ - ⏑ - - ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑
- -), the Çālinī (- - - -, - ⏑ - - ⏑ - -), Vaṅçasthā (⏑ - ⏑ - - ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑
- ⏑ -), Praharṣiṇī (- - -, ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑ - ⏑ - -), Vasantatilaka (- - ⏑ -
⏑ ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑ - -), Mālinī (⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ - -, - ⏑ - - ⏑ - -),
Çikhariṇī (⏑ - - - - -, ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ - - ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -), Hariṇī (⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -, -
- - -, ⏑ - ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑ -), Çārdūlavikrīḍita (- - - ⏑ ⏑ - ⏑ - ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -, - - ⏑
- - ⏑ -), Sragdharā (- - - - ⏑ - -, ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -, - ⏑ - - ⏑ - -), and
Suvadanā (- - - - ⏑ - -, ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -, - - ⏑ ⏑ ⏑ -), the last of these
metres being almost a stranger to the drama, though it appears in
Bhāsa, in the Mudrārākṣasa, and once in Varāhamihira. The tendency to
seek sound effects is clear in a Çikhariṇī verse.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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