The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The fame of the work in Rājaçekhara’s time is attested, and already
before him the imaginary conflagration of the queen had excited the
imitation of Harṣa in the Ratnāvalī; Vāmana [180] cites from it, and
Abhinavagupta [181] knew it. Nor is there any doubt that it is the
poet’s masterpiece and the most mature of his dramas. Great promise,
however, in a different vein is shown in the Cārudatta, of which we
have only a fragment in four Acts without beginning or final verses.
Cārudatta, a merchant whose generosity has impoverished him, has seen a
hetaera Vasantasenā at a festival, and they have fallen in love.
Pursued by the king’s brother-in-law, Saṁsthāna, Vasantasenā takes
refuge in Cārudatta’s house, and, when she goes, she leaves in his care
her gold ornaments. She generously ransoms from his creditors a former
servant of Cārudatta, who then renounces the world and becomes a monk.
In the night the ornaments, which she had deposited, are stolen by a
thief Sajjalaka who breaks into Cārudatta’s house, in order to gain the
means to purchase the freedom of a slave of the hetaera with whom he is
in love. Cārudatta is overcome with shame at learning of the theft of
goods deposited in his care, and his noble wife sacrifices a pearl
necklace, which she gives to the Vidūṣaka to hand over to Vasantasenā
in lieu of her lost jewels. He takes it to the hetaera, who has learned
of the theft, but accepts it to have the excuse of visiting the
merchant once more. She therefore hands over the slave girl to
Sajjalaka, and starts out to Cārudatta’s house. At this point the play
ends abruptly, but it seems as if Cārudatta were accused of theft, and
that Vasantasenā herself is in grave danger of her life.
A verse of this play is cited by Vāmana [182] and another, [183] found
also in the Bālacarita [184] and the Mṛcchakaṭikā, [185] is quoted by
Daṇḍin in the Kāvyādarça. [186] We need not doubt that Bhāsa is his
source, especially as there is possibly elsewhere in the Kāvyādarça an
allusion to the dream scene of the Svapnavāsavadattā and its sequel.
The Daridracārudatta mentioned by Abhinavagupta is most probably the
same work. From it are derived the first four Acts of the Mṛcchakaṭikā.
[187] The source of the drama is not certain; we have the motif of the
love of a merchant and a hetaera elsewhere, but not with the special
developments given by Bhāsa.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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