The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
Bhāsa undoubtedly excels in suggesting heroism; this characteristic is
admirably depicted in Yaugandharāyaṇa, and above all in Duryodhana, who
in the Dūtaghaṭotkaca effectively replies to the menaces of the envoy
by promising an answer in deeds, war, not in harsh words. But his power
is not confined to heroism, love, pathos, or the marvellous. The
Vidūṣaka in his hands attains the characteristics which mark him in the
later drama, and, though much was doubtless traditional, it may safely
be assumed that he tended by his example to stereotype the figure. In
the Avimāraka [192] he distinguishes himself by devotion to his master;
he is set on finding him, dead or alive, when he is missing, and he is
prepared if need be to follow him beyond the grave. Avimāraka himself
portrays the character of his friend; he places first, doubtless
deliberately, the amusement he produces in social intercourse (goṣṭhīṣu
hāsyaḥ), but he describes him also as brave in battle, a wise friend, a
comforter in sorrow, a violent foe to his enemies. If in the
Pratijñāyaugandharāyaṇa [193] he seems to abandon the idea of
succouring his master, it is only because he is convinced that Vatsa is
dead, and that nothing can be done to save him. The other side of his
character is his devotion to the pleasures of the table and his feeble
attempts at wit and humour. Vāsavadattā he remembers fondly because she
used to see that he never lacked sweetmeats. [194] When in the
Avimāraka [195] the heroine weeps in love-sorrow, he would like to weep
also in sympathy; but no tears come, and he recalls that, even when his
own father died, he could hardly weep. When addressed as a man, he
insists that he is a woman. He is, however, a Brahmin in his
prejudices; he will not drink brandy, a pleasure which he permits to
the Gātrasevaka, the disguise assumed by one of Yaugandharāyaṇa’s
following in the attempt to rescue Udayana. This worthy favours us with
a eulogy of drink, which is an interesting fragment of the drinking
songs which must have existed in ancient India: [196]
dhaṇṇā surāhi mattā dhaṇṇā surāhi aṇulittā;
dhaṇṇā surāhi hṇādā dhaṇṇā surāhi saṁñavidā.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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