mancusses in gold to the king, to have back his own land. Again in the year 1002, we hear of a lady forfeiting her lands to the king, by reason of incontinence[364]. The consequences of this destitution can hardly have been other than servitude; and it may be at once admitted that where there were no lands to forfeit, servitude was the recognized punishment of the offence. Theodore[365] when apportioning the penance due to it, says, “Si intra viginti annos puella et adolescens peccaverint, i annum, et in secundo iii quadragesimas ac legitimas ferias. Si propter hoc peccatum servitio humano addicti sunt, iii quadragesimas.” Again, “Maritus si ipse seipsum in furto aut fornicatione servum facit, vel quocunque peccato[366],” etc. ----- Footnote 358: Leg. Eádw. § 9. Footnote 359: Eád. and Guð. § 7. Footnote 360: Leg. Visig. ix. § 1, 2. Footnote 361: Leg. Bajuv. i. § 11. Footnote 362: D. Rechtsalt. p. 329. Footnote 363: Cod. Dip. No. 601. Footnote 364: Ibid. No. 1296. Footnote 365: Lib. Poenit. xvi. § 3. Thorpe, ii. 9. Footnote 366: Thorpe, ii. 9, note 4. The last division of the _servi casu_ comprises those who have been reduced to slavery by violence or fraud, in short illegally. Illegitimate children, poor relations, unfriended strangers, young persons without power of self-defence, may thus have been seduced or forced into a servile condition of life, escape from which was always difficult, inasmuch as there is necessarily a _prima facie_ case against the serf, and he can have no standing in the court composed only of the free. To this head seem referable the passages I have already alluded to in Theodore’s Poenitential[367], and which I will now cite at length: “Si quis Christianus alterum Christianum suaserit, ac in alteram regionem seduxerit, ibique eum vendiderit pro proprio servo, ille non est dignus inter Christianos requiem habere, donec redimat eum et reducat ad proprium locum.” And again: “Si quis Christianus alterum Christianum vagantem reppererit, eumque furatus fuerit ac vendiderit, non debet habere inter Christianos requiem, donec redimat eum, et pro illo furto septem annos poeniteat[368].” ----- Footnote 367: _Supra_, p. 200, note 2. Footnote 368: Lib. Poenit. Theod. xlii. § 4. 5. See also xxiii. § 13. -----