Another, and I believe sounder, calculation makes the forests and landes amount to Forest 8,623,128 hect. Landes 8,000,00 ” ————— 16,623,128 ” Where, probably, portions of the wood and lande are not reckoned to the land under profitable cultivation. Still this is a very different thing from being under the _plough_. In the returns from Austria we can follow the same train of reasoning: as the ensuing table will show. ┌───────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ │ Product. surf. in jochs. (joch = 1·4 acre).│ ├───────────────┼──────────┬───────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬──────────┤ │Provinces. │ Arable.│ Vines.│ Meadows.│ Commons.│ Forests.│ Total.│ ├───────────────┼──────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼──────────┤ │Lower Austria │ 1,399,910│ 80,153│ 447,758│ 251,347│ 1,122,285│ 3,301,453│ │Upper Austria │ 834,556│ 27│ 530,601│ 517,683│ 1,141,823│ 3,024,690│ │Styria │ 709,147│ 54,875│ 456,960│ 596,341│ 1,773,564│ 3,590,887│ │Carinthia │ 477,492│ 16,814│ 556,973│ 763,846│ 1,528,942│ 3,344,067│ │Illyria │ 245,738│ 26,132│ 171,252│ 520,866│ 317,246│ 1,281,234│ │Tyrol │ 377,300│ 55,300│ 432,930│ 648,800│ 1,946,200│ 3,460,530│ │Bohemia │ 3,889,979│ 4,446│ 948,468│ 611,501│ 2,316,298│ 7,770,692│ │Moravia & }│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Silesia }│ 2,213,855│ 51,793│ 390,152│ 463,098│ 1,114,849│ 4,233,747│ │Galicia │ 5,770,388│ 30│2,068,032│1,360,166│ 4,250,932│13,449,548│ │Dalmatia │ 161,228│100,530│ 28,728│ 568,538│ 300,874│ 1,159,898│ ├───────────────┼──────────┼───────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼──────────┤ │Total │16,079,593│390,100│6,031,854│6,302,186│15,813,012│44,616,746│ └───────────────┴──────────┴───────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴──────────┘ Thus of the whole productive surface of the Austrian empire, the _arable_ bears only the proportion of 4:11. But to this must clearly be added an immense extent of land totally unfitted for the plough; by which the ratio of arable to the whole territorial surface will be materially diminished. Strange then as the conclusion may appear, we are compelled to admit that England at the close of the tenth century had advanced to a high pitch of cultivation: while the impossibility of reckoning the hide at much above thirty Saxon acres is demonstrated. It is clear, however the property of the land may have been distributed, that the elements of wealth existed in no common degree[178]. ----- Footnote 178: