Chron. Sax. 1052. “Ða geáxode Rotberd arcebisceop ⁊ ða Frencisce ðæt, genamon heora hors ⁊ gewendon, sume west tó Pentecostes castele, sume norð tó Rodberhtes castele.” However these were foreigners, a culpable complaisance towards whom is a grievous stain upon Eádweard’s otherwise amiable, though weak, character. ----- ROADS and CANALS.—There is no very clear evidence respecting roads and canals, licence to make which was a subject of grant by the Frankish emperors[178]. But except as regarded the great roads which were especially the king’s, and the cross roads, which were the county’s, it is probable that there was no interference on the part of the state. Every landowner must have had the privilege of making private paths, large or small at his pleasure, by which access could be given to different parts of his own property. We do occasionally find roads mentioned by the name of the owners, and a common service of the settlers on an estate was the liability to assist in making a new road to the farm or mansion[179]. In an instance already cited we have seen an abbot of St. Augustine’s digging a canal with the object of diverting traffic from the haven of Sandwich. It may unhesitatingly be asserted that he claimed this right under his general power as a landlord, and not by any special grant for the purpose: this is evident from the whole tenour of the narrative. ----- Footnote 178: Böhm. Deg. Karol. Nos. 248, 316. Footnote 179: Rect. Sing. Pers. Thorpe, i. 432. -----