Chancellor of the realm. We are told that, among his innovations, Eádweard attempted to introduce the use of seals; the uniform tenor of his writs certainly renders it not improbable that he had also notaries or professional clerks, and I can therefore admit the probability of his having appointed some faithful chaplain to act as his chancellor, that is, to keep his seal,—though not yet used for public instruments,—and to manage the royal notarial establishment. There are many persons named as royal chaplains; some, whose successive appointments to bishoprics appeared to our simple forefathers to encroach too much upon the proper and canonical mode of election. Among them are the following:— Eádsige capellanus, 1038[247] Stigandus capellanus, 1044[248]. Heremannus capellanus, 1045[249]. Wulfwig cancellarius, Eádweard, 1045[250]. Reginboldus sigillarius, ... ... [251]. Reginboldus cancellarius, Eádweard, 1045[252]. Ælfgeat notarius, ... ... [253]. Petrus capellanus, ... ... [254]. Baldwinus capellanus, ... ... [255]. Osbernus capellanus, ... ... [256]. Rodbertus capellanus, ... ... [257]. Heca capellanus, 1047[258]. Ulf capellanus, 1049[259]. Cynesige capellanus, 1051[260]. Wilhelmus capellanus, 1051[261]. Godmannus capellanus, 1053[262]. Gisa capellanus, 1060[263]. Footnote 239: Hincmar. § 32. Footnote 240: “Qui referendarius ideo est dictus, quod ad eum universae publicae deferentur conscriptiones, ipseque eas annulo regis, sive sigillo ab eo sibi commisso muniret seu primaret.” Aimo. Gest. Franc. iv. 41. Eichhorn, i. 194, note f. § 25, b. Footnote 241: “Apocrisiario sociebatur summus cancellarius, qui a secretis olim appellabatur, erantque illi subiecti prudentes et intelligentes ac fideles viri, qui praecepta regia absque immoderata cupiditatis venalitate scriberent, et secreta illius fideliter custodirent.” Hincmar. § 16. Eichhorn, _loc. cit._ Footnote 242: “Landulfus et Petrus clericus germani, ... qui professi sumus ex natione nostra legem vivere Langobardorum, sed ego Petrus clericus per clericalem honorem lege videor vivere Romana.” Lupi. p. 223, cited by Savigny, Röm. Recht. i. 120. Footnote 243: Hincmar. § 16, 19, 21. Döninges, Deut. Staatsr. p. 24 _seq._ Footnote 244: Eichhorn, § 25, b. i. 195. Footnote 245: “Quoniam tabellionum usus in regno Angliae non habetur.” Mat. Paris, Hen. III. Footnote 246: