Summarizing the matter of location, the great bulk of the Scandinavian immigrants went into the Northwest, 78% of them during the first fifty years of the movement, and about 70% of the total. Out of the immigration of the different nationalities, 81% of the Norwegians are in the Northwest, 60% of the Danes, and 59% of the Swedes, the percentage of the last being brought down, in comparison with the Norwegians, by the fact that nearly 100,000 Swedes are found in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania.[168] [168] _Statistical Atlas of the Twelfth Census_, Plates 69, 71, 73, 76; _Iowa Journal of History and Politics_, III, 76. The Civil War occurred before the numbers and expansion of the Norse element of the country's population had much passed a promising beginning; the 75,000 present in 1860 could not be expected to play any large and leading rôle. Yet the one dramatic and heroic chapter in the whole story of the progress of the Scandinavians in America is that dealing with their part in that great struggle, in which many hundreds of them gave their strength and their lives for the unity and safety of their adopted country no less bravely and no less cheerfully than did the native-born American. The men from Thelemark and Smaaland and the sons of Massachusetts and Michigan were inspired by the same fine and pure motives; they hated slavery and loved the flag under whose folds they realized their hopes and dreams.[169] By temperament, by religion, by education, by tradition, men of Norse parentage were fitted to participate in upholding a cause so essentially right and high. [169] Mattson, _Story of an Emigrant_, 60, 94. Here is printed, in translation from _Hemlandet_, a stirring appeal "To the Scandinavians of Minnesota!;" _Fædrelandet og Emigranten_, September 29, 1870. In the short space of this volume, details of the loyal services of companies made up wholly or in large part of Swedes and Norwegians must be omitted, and the laurels won by such men as General Stohlbrand, who was made a brigadier by President Lincoln himself,[170] Colonel H. C. Heg,[171] Colonel Mattson,[172] and Lieutenant Colonel Porter C. Olson,[173] must be passed by with mere allusions. [170] Osborn, "Personal Memories of Brig. Gen. C. J. Stolbrand", _Year-Book of the Swedish Historical Society of America_, 1909-10, 5-16. [171] Dietrichson, _Det Femtende Wisconsin Regiments Historie_, 26. [172] Mattson, _Story of an Emigrant_, 59-93. [173] Anderson, _Norwegian Immigration_, 112-127.