It is the main result of our last chapters, devoted to systematics, transformism, and human history in particular, that no conclusions really useful for further philosophical discussion can at present be gained from these topics; there either is too little actual knowledge, or there are only combinations of natural elementalities, but no elementalities of any new kind. To sum up: we expected that a rational system might be a biological result of the future, but we could not claim at all to possess such a system. We said that transformism might be proved one day to be a true evolution, governed by one immanent principle, which then would have to be regarded as a new primary factor in nature, but we did not know the least about that principle. Human history, on the other hand--that is, the only historical process concerned with life that is actually known to have occurred--could not teach us anything of an elemental character, since human history, at present at least, did not appear to us as a true evolution, but only as a sum of cumulations, and the singularities of this history, taken by themselves, could only be of practical or emotional interest. Thus it is from the study of the living *individual* only, that we have so far gained elemental principles in biology. The analysis of individual morphogenesis and of individual inheritance has yielded us the concept of entelechy as the chief result of the first part of our lectures. We shall be able to get more proofs of the autonomy of the individual life in the beginning of the second part; indeed, the beginning of that part will bring us to a full understanding of what the living individual is, and what it is not. And then the real philosophy of life, that is, the philosophy of the individual, will occupy us for the greater half of our lectures of next summer. INDEX Absolute, 5 Acclimatisation, 191 Acquired characters, 217, 276 f. Adaptation (definition), 166, 171, 185 to changes from without, 172 ff. functional, 114, 176 ff. and Lamarckism, 272, 280 mechanical, 177 f. morphological, 168 ff. physiological, 184 ff. primary and secondary, 188 f. Adaptedness, 186 f. *Adiantum*, 279 Adventitious, 55, 74, 111, 221 Albumen, 200 Allelomorphs, 231 Amphibious plants, 172 ff. Annelids, 65, 70, 221 Answering reaction, 181 Anti-bodies, 206 f. Antitoxins, 207 f. *A priori*, 6 Aristotle, 144 *Ascaris*, 93 *Aspergillus*, 195 Assimilation, 17 Atrophy, 178 Autonomy of life, 143, 224 f., 324 Babák, 177 Baer, C. E. v., 48 f. 282 Bateson, 229 ff., 238 Bayliss, 204, 212 *Begonia*, 221 Bergson, 305 Berkeley, 6 Berthold, 91 Biogenetisches Grundgesetz, 248 Biology, 8 ff., 15 f. Blaringhem, 238, 276 Blastoderm, 39 Blastomeres, 36, 59, 61 f., 79 Blastula, 37, 61, 79 Blumenbach, 26 Boirivant, 174 Bonnet, 26 Boveri, 29, 60, 95, 235 f. Buckle, 308, 310