A truly didactic saying is attributed by Aelian to the Spartan magistrates. "When certain persons from Clazomenæ had come to Sparta and smeared with soot the seats on which the Spartan magistrates sat discharging public duties; on discovering what had been done and by whom, they expressed no indignation, but merely ordered a proclamation to be made, 'Let it be lawful for the people of Clazomenæ to make blackguards of themselves.'" A number of apothegms, proverbs, or sayings of more or less wit occur in the collected works of Plutarch, although Schneidewin does not hesitate to attribute most of them to some impostor usurping his name. At any rate, they are handily classified, and form a bulky addition to Mr. Paley's translated specimens. Here is a brief and bright saying which this writer attaches to King Archelaus, when a talkative barber, trimming his beard, asked him, "How shall I cut it?" "In silence," replied the king. The anecdote recalls one of Charles II's bragging barbers, who boasted to him he could cut his majesty's throat when he would--a boast for which he was only dismissed; though for a like rash vaunt, according to Peter Cunningham, the barber of Dionysius was crucified. To return to Plutarch, he tells the following stories, both good in their way, of Philip of Macedon. In passing sentence on two rogues, he ordered one to leave Macedonia with all possible speed, and the other to try to catch him. No less astute was his query as to a strong position he wished to occupy, which was reported by the scouts to be almost impregnable. "Is there not," he asked, "even a pathway to it wide enough for an ass laden with gold?" Philip, too, according to Plutarch, is entitled to the fatherhood of an adage which retains its ancient fame about "calling a spade a spade." Another story tells how Philip removed a judge, because he discovered that the man's hair and beard were dyed. "I could not believe," Plutarch reports the king as saying, "that one who was false in his hair could be honest in his judgments." Another sample of a witty saying from Plutarch's mint is one attributed to Themistocles, that his son was the strongest man in Greece. "For," said he, "the Athenians rule the Hellenes, I rule the Athenians, your mother rules me, and you rule your mother." Yet another is a retort attributed to Iphicrates, the celebrated Athenian general. Harmodius, a young aristocrat who bore a name famous in the early history of Athens, had reproached Iphicrates, who was the son of a cobbler, with his mean birth. "My nobility," the soldier replied, "begins with me, but yours ends with you." Another Athenian general, Phocion, was a man who preferred deeds to words. He compared the eloquent speeches of one of his political opponents to cypress-trees. "They are tall," he said, "but they bear no fruit."