The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
"Talk no more of the violet as the emblem of modesty," exclaims De
Quatrefages, "look rather at our annelides, that, possessed of every
shining quality, hide themselves from our view, so that but few know of
the secret wonders that are hidden under the tufts of algæ, or on the
sandy bottom of the sea."
[Illustration: Aphrodita, or Sea-Mouse.]
In most of the wandering annelides, each segment is provided with
variously formed appendages, more or less developed, serving for
respiration and locomotion, or for aggression and defence; while in some
of the least perfect of the class, not a trace of an external organ is
to be found over the whole body. The great Band-worm (_Nemertes gigas_)
is one of the most remarkable examples of this low type of annelism.
It is from thirty to forty feet long, about half an inch broad, flat
like a ribbon, of brown or violet colour, and smooth and shining like
lackered leather. Among the loose stones, or in the hollows of the
rocks, where he principally lives on Anomiæ,--minute shells that attach
themselves to submarine bodies,--this giant worm forms a thousand
seemingly inextricable knots, which he is continually unravelling and
tying. When after having devoured all the food within his reach, or from
some other cause, he desires to shift his quarters, he stretches out a
long dark-coloured ribbon, surmounted by a head like that of a snake,
but without its wide mouth or dangerous fangs. The eye of the observer
sees no contraction of the muscles, no apparent cause or instrument
of locomotion; but the microscope teaches us that the Nemertes glides
along by help of the minute vibratory ciliæ with which his whole body is
covered. He hesitates, he tries here and there, until at last, and often
at a distance of fifteen or twenty feet, he finds a stone to his taste;
whereupon he slowly unrolls his length to convey himself to his new
resting place, and while the entangled folds are unravelling themselves
at one end, they form a new Gordian knot at the other. All the organs
of this worm are uncommonly simplified; the mouth is a scarce visible
circular opening, and the intestinal canal ends in a blind sack.
Nature has not in vain provided the more perfect annelides with the
bristly feet, which have been denied to the Nemertes and the sand-worm.
Almost all of them feed on a living prey,--Planarias and other minute
creatures--which they enclasp and transpierce with those formidable
weapons. Some, lying in wait, dart upon their victims as they heedlessly
swim by, seize them with their jaws, and stifle them in their deadly
embrace; others, of a more lively nature, seek them among the thickets
of corallines, millepores and algæ, and arrest them quickly ere they can
vanish in the sand.
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