The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
At Teneriffe, in the Brazils, in Peru and Chili, in India and China,
various species of cephalopods are used as food. Along the eastern shores
of the Mediterranean, the common sepia constitutes now, as in ancient
times, a valuable part of the food of the poor. "One of the most striking
spectacles," says Edward Forbes, "is to see at night on the shores of the
Ægean the numerous torches glancing along the shores, and reflected by
the still and clear sea, borne by poor fishermen, paddling as silently
as possible over the rocky shallows in search of the cuttle-fish, which,
when seen lying beneath the water in wait for his prey, they dexterously
spear, ere the creature has time to dart with the rapidity of an arrow
from the weapon about to transfix his soft but firm body."
Animals exposed to the attacks of so many enemies must necessarily
multiply in an analogous ratio. Their numerous eggs are generally brought
forth in the spring. In the species inhabiting the high seas, they float
freely on the surface, carried along by the currents and winds, and form
large gelatinous bunches or cylindrical rolls, sometimes as large as a
man's leg.
The eggs of the littoral cephalopods appear in the form of dark-coloured,
roundish or spindle-shaped bodies, of the size and colour of grapes, and
hanging together in clusters. They are soft to the touch, with a tough
skin, resembling india-rubber; one end is attenuated into a sort of point
or nipple, and the other prolonged into a pedicle, which coils round
sea-weed or other floating objects, and serves to fix the berry-like bag
in its place. At an early stage these "sea-grapes," as they are called
by the fishermen, contain a white yolk enclosed in a clear albumen, and
nearer maturity the young cuttle-fish may be found within in various
stages of formation, until finally, hatched by the heat of the sun, it
emerges from the husk perfectly formed, and launches forth into the water.
[Illustration: Ova of the Cuttle-fish.]
Some species of cephalopods are only about the size of a finger, while
others attain an astonishing size. Banks and Solander, in Cook's first
voyage, found the dead carcass of a gigantic cuttle-fish floating between
Cape Horn and the Polynesian islands. It was surrounded by aquatic birds,
which were feeding on its remains. From the parts of this specimen, which
are still preserved in the Hunterian collection, and which have always
strongly excited the attention of naturalists, it must have measured at
least six feet from the end of the tail to the end of the tentacles.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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