The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The beauty of these animals corresponds with their charming mythological
names, for every part of them which is not sparkling like the purest
crystal shines with the liveliest colours, red, yellow, or azure. Some
inhabit the coasts, where they creep along upon a well-developed foot,
others live in the deep waters, where they cling to the stems of floating
sea-weed with a narrow and furrowed foot, or swim upon their back,
using the borders of the mantle and of the branchiæ as oars. Though
chiefly living in the warmer latitudes, they are found in every sea,
and many interesting species inhabit the British waters: such as the
Sea-lemon (_Doris tuberculata_), which, when its horns and starry wreath
of branchiæ are concealed, bears a curious resemblance in size, form,
colour, and warty surface to the half of a citron divided longitudinally;
the exquisite _Eolis coronata_, whose crowded clusters of branchial
papillæ are radiant with crimson and cerulean tints; and the crested
Antiopa, whose transparent breathing organs are tipped with silvery white.
[Illustration: Eolis.]
Though they have no shell to cover them, the Nudibranchiata are not left
defenceless to the mercy of their enemies. The transparency of their
body is a cause of safety to many of them. Some conceal themselves under
stones or among the branches of the madrepores, and some on contracting
cast off a part of their mantle, which they leave in possession of their
hungry foe, while they themselves make their escape.
Among the British Inferobranchiata we find the rare golden or
orange-coloured _Pleurobranchus plumula_, thus named from its branchiæ
projecting like a plume from between the mantle and foot in crawling; and
among the Tectibranchiata the common sea-hare (_Aplysia punctata_), which
resembles a great naked snail; its back opening with two wide lobes,
which can be expanded or closed over the opening at the animal's will.
When open, they expose to view on the right side the finely fringed and
lobed branchiæ, seated in a deep hollow beneath a fold of the mantle.
The uncomely creature glides along over the stones upon its flat fleshy
foot and up the slender stems of sea-weeds by bringing the borders of the
same locomotive apparatus to meet around the stem, thus tightly grasping
it as if enclosed in a tube. While progressing, the fore part is poked
forward as a narrow neck furnished with two pair of tentacles, one pair
of which, standing erect and being formed of thin laminæ, bent round so
as to bring the edges nearly into contact, look like the ears of the
timid quadruped, from which the Aplysia has derived its common name. The
colour is a dark-brownish purple studded with rings and spots of white.
On being disturbed, the sea-hare pours out from beneath the mantle-lobes
a copious fluid of the richest purple hue, which however quickly fades,
and is of no value in the arts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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