The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
Although a river generally has its source in mountainous regions, it
must be remembered that all the waters that descend upon the territory
of which it forms the lowest level, gradually find their way into
its current. Thus, the monarch of all streams, the Amazon River, is
the natural drain of a territory thirty times larger than England.
Thousands of rivulets and brooks, fed by the waters which descend
from the slopes of thousands of glens and valleys, or filter through
the vast forest-plains that rise but a few feet above their surface,
all contribute to swell the majesty of its current. Its sources are
in reality wherever, on that vast extent of land, water descends and
drains into any one of its innumerable affluents. When we hear that on
an average the river of the Amazons alone restores every minute half a
million of tons of water to the ocean, and then consider the countless
number of streams all alike active, that are scattered over the globe,
we may form a faint idea of the vast quantity of vapours which are
constantly rising from the deep, and of the magnitude of these silent
operations of nature. Yet such is the immensity of ocean, that supposing
all the waters it constantly loses, never to return again into its
bosom, it would require thousands of years of evaporation to exhaust the
immensity of its reservoirs!
It might be supposed that the waters which congeal on the sides of
mountains covered with perennial snow, or fill Alpine valleys in the
form of glaciers, were eternally fixed on earth--but there also we are
deceived by delusive appearances of immobility. Every year the glacier
slowly but restlessly makes a step forwards into the valley, and while
its lower end dissolves, new supplies of snow constantly feed it from
above. It has been calculated by Agassiz that the ice masses of the Aar
glacier require 133 years to perform their descent from its summit to
its inferior extremity--a distance of ten miles--so that their sojourn
in that chilled valley far surpasses that of the oldest patriarch of
the mountains. How great must be their delight when they at last are
liberated from the spell which so long enchained them, and freely bound
along on their way to Ocean! How they must shudder at the idea of once
more returning to their desolate prison, and long for the perpetual
warmth of spicy groves and tropical gardens!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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