The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present TimeHartwig, G. (Georg)
History
The Sea and Its Living Wonders: A Popular Account of the Marvels of the Deep and of the Progress of Martime Discovery from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time
Hartwig, G. (Georg)
Animal behavior; Discoveries in geography; Discoveries in geography -- History; Marine animals; Marine plants; Ocean
The Narwal, or Unicorn-fish, attains a length of from twenty to
twenty-five feet. He is of a grey-white colour, punctured with many
white spots, and as his head is not disproportionate to the length of
his body, may rank among the handsomest cetaceans. He distinguishes
himself, as is well known, from all other members of the family by
the long twisted tooth or horn projecting horizontally from the upper
jaw. This mighty weapon, the true use of which has not yet been fully
ascertained, was formerly sold at a very high price, as proceeding from
the fabulous unicorn; at present, it is only paid according to the worth
of its excellent ivory, which is harder, heavier, and less liable to
turn yellow than that of the elephant. The whalers are therefore highly
delighted when they can pick up a chance narwal, but this only succeeds
in narrow bays; for the unicorn-fish is an excellent swimmer, and
extremely watchful. In spite of his menacing appearance, he is a harmless
sociable creature, fond of gambolling and crossing swords playfully with
his compeers. It is remarkable that the opening of the mouth of so huge
an animal is scarcely large enough to admit the hand of a man. Scoresby
found in the stomach of a narwal remains of cuttle fishes, which seem to
form his chief aliment, besides pieces of skates and plaice. The narwal
is frequent about Davis' Straits and Disco Bay, but is nowhere found in
the Pacific, having most likely not yet discovered the north-western
passage. He rarely wanders into the temperate seas, yet one was caught,
in 1800, near Boston in Lincolnshire, and two others, in 1736, on the
German coast of the North Sea.
The Dolphin tribe is distinguished from the cachalot by a more
proportionate head; from the narwal by the absence of the long horn; and
generally possesses sharp teeth in both jaws, all of one form. The number
of species is very great; Linnæus distinguished four sperm-whales and
three dolphins; now many naturalists acknowledge but one species of the
former, while the dolphins have increased to more than thirty, and many
are as yet unknown.
[Illustration: Delphinus Delphis.]
The most famous member of this numerous family is undoubtedly the
classical Dolphin of the ancients (_Delphinus delphis_) which attains
a length of from nine to ten feet, and is, according to Pliny, the
swiftest of all animals, so as to merit the appellation of the "arrow
of the sea." His lively troops often accompany for days the track of a
ship, and agreeably interrupt the monotony of a long sea-voyage. As if in
mockery of the most rapid sailer, they shoot past so as to vanish from
the eye, and then return again with the same lightning-like velocity.
Their spirits are so brisk that they frequently leap into the air, as
if longing to expatiate in a lighter fluid. Hence, dolphins are the
favourites of the mariner and the poet, who have vied in embellishing
their history with the charms of fiction.
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