The female hermit holds its eggs in the posterior feet until they are hatched; the young are then released, pass into the water, and soon find shells for themselves. [Illustration: A colony of sea-anemones (/Epizoanthus americanus/) which had completely covered and absorbed a shell occupied by a hermit-crab (/Eupagurus pubescens/), which still lived within the cavity. The polyps are not expanded.] GENUS ^Pagurus^ ^P. bernhardus.^ This is a large species, bright red in color, rough and hairy. It inhabits the shells of /Fulgur carica/ or of /Polynices heros/. It ranges from Cape Cod northward, and is replaced on the northern California coast by /P. alaskensis/ and /P. aleuticus/. [Illustration: /Pagurus bernhardus/, the hermit-crab.] ^P. pollicaris.^ This hermit inhabits shells similar to those occupied by the last, but is pale red in color, and its surface is granulated and not hairy. The short joint of the chela has a broad angle. It ranges from Massachusetts to Florida, and occurs at low-water mark on rocky and shelly bottoms of bays and sounds. ^P. longicarpus.^ A quick-moving little hermit with long chelipeds, found in small shells at the water's edge in quiet places. They exist in great numbers and are eaten, shell and all, by fish. This species can be distinguished from all others by its very light color and metallic luster. GENUS ^Clibanarius^ ^C. vittatus.^ This hermit is found from North Carolina southward along the edge of the water and in tide-pools. It cannot be mistaken [pg268] for any other hermit common on our coast, since it has the very distinctive feature of white longitudinal stripes on the ambulatory feet. The chelipeds are about equal, rough with tubercles, and the tips have smooth black edges. Body and feet are quite hairy. The color is brown and white. GENUS ^Pylopagurus^ This genus is represented in Southern waters by several species. One of the most characteristic of them lives in /Dentalium/, the tooth-shell. The outer surface of the right hand is formed to close the shell. All the ambulatory feet and the very small left hand fold beneath, leaving only the flat surface of one hand exposed to view. Another species lives in a shell covered with polyzoans. FAMILY ~CENOBITIDÆ~ GENUS ^Cenobita^ ^C. diogenes.^ This large hermit-crab, found in Florida and in more southern waters, inhabits the beautiful pearly shell of /Livona pica/. It lives on land a part of the year, but spends the breeding season in the water. It can be distinguished by its land-roaming habits, its large left cheliped, very stout walking-legs, and compressed eye-stalks. This species climbs the hills, but is more frequently met with in low, shaded, marshy places. (Plate LIX.) FAMILY ~HIPPIDÆ~ GENUS ^Hippa^ [Illustration: /Hippa talpoida/, the sand-bug.]