^C. borealis^, the Jonah crab. This crab resembles, and is frequently taken for, /C. irroratus/. It is larger than the latter in full growth, and is heavier and more massive. The carapace and claws are rougher, the granules being irregular in size. The legs are proportionately shorter and heavier. The teeth on the anterior margins are rounded in front, but the posterior ones are sharply pointed. In color [pg278] it is brick-red above and yellowish beneath. It inhabits rocky shores only and is found at low tide on the surface of the rocks, where it is exposed to the action of the waves and also to the attacks of birds of prey, which feed upon it, while /C. irroratus/, concealed under the rocks in the same locality, escapes their depredations. This species is supplied to the Newport market, where it is considered preferable to the blue crab. Its range is from the eastern end of Long Island to Nova Scotia. [Illustration: /Cancer magister/, the common crab of the Pacific coast; male.] ^C. magister.^ This species inhabits the Pacific coast and ranges from Alaska to Lower California. The adult male is from seven to nine inches broad and from four to five inches long. The anterior margin of the carapace is an almost regular elliptical curve with nine small teeth on each side. At the end of the curve a large, pointed tooth projects directly outward, and from this the carapace slopes abruptly backward, giving a narrow posterior end. The surface of the carapace is undulated and covered with papillæ, and is light reddish-brown, shading to lighter color in the back. The color of the legs and under surface of the animal is yellowish. The claws are toothed above and ribbed at the sides. It inhabits sandy bottoms below tide-mark and is the largest and most important edible crab of the western coast. ^C. productus^, the red crab. This species, like the preceding one, is of large size and inhabits the western coast from Alaska to the Gulf of California. The carapace is four and a half inches in length, from five to seven in breadth, and somewhat elliptical in outline. The teeth on the anterior margin are distinctly separate in the adult, but in the young appear as wrinklings of the edge of the carapace. The posterior margins are concave. In color the animal is dark red above and yellowish beneath in the adults, but variable in the young, sometimes being yellow spotted with red, or banded with red and yellow. It inhabits rocky shores. This is an edible crab, but is not taken for the markets, /C. magister/ supplying all demands. [pg279] [Illustration: /Cancer productus/, the red crab; male.] [Illustration: /Cancer antennarius/, the California rock-crab.] [pg280]