SAILS are of two kinds: _square sails_, which hang from yards, their foot lying across the line of the keel, as the courses, topsails, &c.; and _fore-and-aft sails_, which set upon gaffs, or on stays, their foot running with the line of the keel, as jib, spanker, &c. SAIL HO! The cry used when a sail is first discovered at sea. SAVE-ALL. A small sail sometimes set under the foot of a lower studdingsail. (See WATER SAIL.) SCANTLING. A term applied to any piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and thickness, when reduced to the standard size. SCARF. To join two pieces of timber at their ends by shaving them down and placing them over-lapping. SCHOONER. (See PLATE 4.) A small vessel with two masts and no tops. A _fore-and-aft schooner_ has only fore-and-aft sails. A _topsail schooner_ carries a square fore topsail, and frequently, also, topgallant sail and royal. There are some schooners with three masts. They also have no tops. A _main-topsail schooner_ is one that carries square topsails, fore and aft. SCORE. A groove in a block or dead-eye. SCOTCHMAN. A large batten placed over the turnings-in of rigging. (See BATTEN.) SCRAPER. A small, triangular iron instrument, with a handle fitted to its centre, and used for scraping decks and masts. SCROWL. A piece of timber bolted to the knees of the head, in place of a figure-head. SCUD. To drive before a gale, with no sail, or only enough to keep the vessel ahead of the sea. Also, low, thin clouds that fly swiftly before the wind. SCULL. A short oar. _To scull_, is to impel a boat by one oar at the stern. SCUPPERS. Holes cut in the water-ways for the water to run from the decks. SCUTTLE. A hole cut in a vessel's deck, as, a hatchway. Also, a hole cut in any part of a vessel. _To scuttle_, is to cut or bore holes in a vessel to make her sink. SCUTTLE-BUTT. (See BUTT.) SEAMS. The intervals between planks in a vessel's deck or side. SEIZE. To fasten ropes together by turns of small stuff. SEIZINGS. (See page 51.) The fastenings of ropes that are seized together. SELVAGEE. A skein of rope-yarns or spunyarn, marled together. Used as a neat strap. (See page 50.) SEND. When a ship's head or stern pitches suddenly and violently into the trough of the sea. SENNIT, or SINNIT. (See page 52.) A braid, formed by plaiting rope-yarns or spunyarn together. Straw, plaited in the same way for hats, is called sennit. SERVE. (See page 44.) To wind small stuff, as rope-yarns, spunyarn, &c., round a rope, to keep it from chafing. It is wound and hove round taut by a serving-board or mallet. SERVICE, is the stuff so wound round. SET. To _set up rigging_, is to tauten it by tackles. The seizings are then put on afresh. SHACKLES. Links in a chain cable which are fitted with a movable bolt so that the chain can be separated. SHAKES. The staves of hogsheads taken apart. SHANK. The main piece in an anchor, at one end of which the stock is made fast, and at the other the arms.