"Compare this with the profiles of the finished line of the Union and Central Pacific roads. Properly, the comparison should be made from Chicago, the eastern water terminus of Lake Michigan, of the Omaha line. There are, on that route, approximately, as follows:-- Miles. Average height above the sea. From Chicago to Omaha, 500 1,000 feet. Near Cheyenne, 500 3,300 " Cooper's, 100 7,300 " Promontory Point, 485 6,200 " Humboldt, 406 4,750 " Reno, 130 4,000 " Auburn, 118 4,400 " Sacramento, 36 300 " San Francisco, 100 50 " ----- Chicago to San Francisco 2,375 "On the Northern Pacific line there need be but two principal summits, whilst on the other there are four, the lowest of which is about a thousand feet higher than the highest on the northern route. If, therefore, the roads were the same length between the Pacific waters and the great lakes and navigable rivers east of the Rocky Mountains, the advantage would be largely in favor of the Northern route; but this actual distance is three hundred and seventy-five miles less, and the equated distance for ascents and descents in its favor will be very considerable" (Report, p. 45). From the explorations and surveys already made by the engineers, it is believed that there need be no gradient exceeding sixty feet per mile between Lake Superior and the Pacific Ocean. If such be the fact, it will enable the company to transport freight much more cheaply than the central line can carry it, where the grades are one hundred and sixteen feet to the mile, over the Sierra Nevada Range. To those who never have had time to examine the subject, the following tabular statement in regard to the power of a thirty-ton engine on different grades will be interesting. An engine weighing thirty tons will draw loaded cars on different grades as follows:-- On a level 94 cars 10 feet per mile ascending 56 " 20 " " " " 40 " 30 " " " " 30-1/2 " 40 " " " " 25 " 50 " " " " 20-1/2 " 60 " " " " 17 " 70 " " " " 15 " 80 " " " " 13 " 90 " " " " 11-1/2 " 100 " " " " 10 " 110 " " " " 8-1/2 " 120 " " " " 6 "