The Second Boys' Book of Model AeroplanesCollins, Francis A. (Francis Arnold)
Science
The Second Boys' Book of Model Aeroplanes
Collins, Francis A. (Francis Arnold)
Airplanes -- Models
It is not generally realized by the laymen how rapid has been the
development of "aerology," nor how practical are the results obtained.
There have already been established in Germany three scientifically
equipped stations for observing air conditions for the benefit of
aeronauts, just as the weather bureau observes weather conditions and
informs ships at sea of approaching storms. One of these, established by
Dr. Polis at Aachen, is now in operation. In addition to this the Public
Weather Service Stations of Germany have been equipped recently with the
necessary apparatus for making daily observations of the upper air for
the special benefit for aerial navigators.
The resistance offered by the air to the passage of an air ship of any
type depends upon its density. The air is obviously an exceedingly
variable medium, as capricious as quicksilver, as both the sky pilot and
the flyer of model aeroplanes have learned. The density and therefore
the resistance depends upon the temperature, the pressure and the state
of equilibrium. We are in the habit of thinking of density and pressure
as affecting enormous volumes or areas miles in extent, such as are
reported in the weather forecasts from day to day. To an extent these
same conditions are found changing within a few feet. It is this
tendency to rapid change of conditions which makes the problem of
stability in aeronautics so baffling.
The pressure upon an aeroplane, whether a man-carrying machine or a
model, varies considerably between the level of the seashore and the top
of a mountain. An aeroplane in rising from the level of the sea for
several thousand feet therefore meets new and unexpected conditions. The
density is reduced fully one-half at an altitude of 18,000 feet, and
since aeroplanes have risen more than 10,000 feet this must be taken
into consideration. Even at a height of 300 feet, which is often reached
by aeroplanes in flight, the difference in the pressure calls for
skilful manipulation on the part of the sky pilot.
The density varies again according to the temperature. Let an aviator
suddenly run into a hot or a cold strait of air and the pressure upon
his planes will instantly change. The effect of temperature must be
taken into consideration by any one flying model aeroplanes. It may
happen that a draft of cool or of hot air, by changing the pressure on
the planes, will throw a model aeroplane out of balance and mar an
otherwise promising flight. A difference of a few degrees of temperature
will often affect a very sensitive model. The only way to combat this is
of course to build your model with the greatest possible stability.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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