Their aeros could usually fly longer and carry more dead weight than those of any other nation. In the transoceanic aero races which occasionally took place the French furnished the most daring and the most frequently successful competitors. But the French mind is masterly in appreciation of details, and Cosmo Versál's reasons for condemning the aero and the balloon as means of escaping the flood were promptly divined. In the first place it was seen that no kind of airship could be successfully provisioned for a flight of indefinite length, and in the second place the probable strength of the winds, or the crushing weight of the descending water, in case, as Cosmo predicted, a nebula should condense upon the earth, would either sweep an aero or a balloon to swift destruction, or carry it down into the waves like a water-soaked butterfly. Accordingly, when a few Frenchmen began seriously to consider the question of providing a way of escape from the flood--always supposing, for the sake of argument, that there would be a flood--they got together, under the leadership of an engineer officer named Yves de Beauxchamps, and discussed the matter in all its aspects. They were not long in arriving at the conclusion that the best and most logical thing that could possibly be done would be to construct a _submarine_. In fact, this was almost an inevitable conclusion for them, because before the abandonment of submarines in war on account of their _too_ great powers of destruction--a circumstance which had also led to the prohibition of the use of explosive bombs in the aerial navies--the French had held the lead in the construction and management of submersible vessels, even more decisively than in the case of aeros. "A large submarine," said De Beauxchamps, "into whose construction a certain amount of levium entered, would possess manifest advantages over Versál's Ark. It could be provisioned to any extent desired, it would escape the discomforts of the waves, winds, and flooding rain, and it could easily rise to the surface whenever that might be desirable for change of air. It would have all the amphibious advantages of a whale." The others were decidedly of De Beauxchamps's opinion, and it was enthusiastically resolved that a vessel of this kind should be begun at once. "If we don't need it for a flood," said De Beauxchamps, "we can employ it for a pleasure vessel to visit the wonders of the deep. We will then make a reality of that marvelous dream of our countryman of old, that prince of dreamers, Jules Verne." "Let's name it for him!" cried one. "Admirable! Charming!" they all exclaimed. "_Vive le 'Jules Verne'!_" Within two days, but without the knowledge of the public, the keel of the submersible _Jules Verne_ was laid. But we shall hear of that remarkable craft again.