(2) The second way in which the State can expropriate without confiscation is by annuity. It can say to such Capitalists as have no heirs or care little for their fate if they have: "You have only got so much time to live and to enjoy your £30, will you take £50 until you die?" Upon the bargain being accepted the State will, in process of time, though not immediately upon the death of the annuitant, become an unembarrassed owner of what had been the annuitant's share in the means of production. But the area over which this method can be exercised is a very small one. It is not of itself a sufficient instrument for the expropriation of any considerable field. I need hardly add that as a matter of fact the so-called "Socialist" and confiscatory measures of our time have nothing to do with the problem here discussed. The State is indeed confiscating, that is, it is taxing in many cases in such a fashion as to impoverish the taxpayer and is lessening his capital rather than shearing his income. But it is not putting the proceeds into the means of production. It is either using them for immediate consumption in the shape of new official salaries or handing them over to another set of Capitalists.[9] But these practical considerations of the way in which sham Socialist experiments are working belong rather to my next section, in which I shall deal with the actual beginnings of the Servile State in our midst. Section Nine The Servile State Has Begun In this last division of my book I deal with the actual appearance of the Servile State in certain laws and proposals now familiar to the Industrial Society of modern England. These are the patent objects, "laws and projects of laws," which lend stuff to my argument, and show that it is based not upon a mere deduction, but upon an observation of things. Two forms of this proof are evident: first, the laws and proposals which subject the _Proletariat_ to Servile conditions; next, the fact that the _Capitalist_, so far from being expropriated by modern "Socialist" experiments, is being confirmed in his power. I take these in their order, and I begin by asking in what statutes or proposals the Servile State first appeared among us.