(2) Measures by which the employer shall be compelled to give not less than a certain minimum for any labour he may purchase, and (3) Measures which compel a man lacking the means of production to labour, though he may have made no contract to that effect. The last two, as will be seen in a moment, are complementary one of another. As to the first: Measures to palliate the insecurity of the proletariat. We have of this an example in actual law at this moment. And that law the Insurance Act (whose political source and motive I am not here discussing) follows in every particular the lines of a Servile State. (a) Its fundamental criterion is employment. In other words, I am compelled to enter a scheme providing me against the mischances of illness and unemployment not because I am a citizen, but only if I am: (1) Exchanging services for goods; and either (2) Obtaining less than a certain amount of goods for those services, or (3) A vulgar fellow working with his hands. The law carefully excludes from its provisions those forms of labour to which the educated and therefore powerful classes are subject, and further excludes from compulsion the mass of those who are for the moment earning enough to make them a class to be reckoned with as economically free. I may be a writer of books who, should he fall ill, will leave in the greatest distress the family which he supports. If the legislator were concerned for the morals of citizens, I should most undoubtedly come under this law, under the form of a compulsory insurance added to my income tax. But the legislator is not concerned with people of my sort. He is concerned with a new status which he recognises in the State, to wit, the proletariat. He envisages the proletariat not quite accurately as men either poor, or, if they are not poor, at any rate vulgar people working with their hands, and he legislates accordingly. (b) Still more striking, as an example of status taking the place of contract, is the fact that this law puts the duty of controlling the proletariat and of seeing that the law is obeyed _not_ upon the proletariat itself, but upon the _Capitalist class._ Now this point is of an importance that cannot be exaggerated.