affected part; and of the other parts, we need only take care that they be not thereby affected. The cure is to be performed by astringents, and such things as will bring the whole body to its proper habit. Depraved humours in the coats of the stomach are to be evacuated by moderately cathartic medicines, such as aloes, and the powder prepared from it, called Picra. When a viscid phlegm is contained in the stomach, such persons ought first to take those things which will cut it, and then it may be purged off, or evacuated by vomiting with radishes. When the humour is neither viscid nor thick, a vomit from ptisan, or that from honied water, may be sufficient. The juice of wormwood with honied water may also be drunk. In like manner, intemperaments in other parts may be cured, by finding out the evacuation suited to the humours; or, if the part has no sensible discharge, the prevailing matters and humours may be evacuated in the form of vapour; and in like manner, if it proceed from flatulence. * * * * * COMMENTARY. Galen supplies all the matter of this Section. (l. c.) The modern ideas respecting the temperaments, appear to be founded upon the descriptions given by the Arabians of the symptoms which characterize the prevalence of the four humours, as they were called, namely, blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm, in the body. In proof of this, we subjoin Rhases’ brief description of them: “De complexione autem infirmi scias, quod si fuerit albi coloris admixti rubedini, et si fuerit bonæ carnis, subtilis cutis, et quando locum fricaveris, rubescit statim, significatur quod materia est sanguinea. Et si corpus fuerit pingue, et albi coloris non mixti rubedini, et corpus nudum pilis, venis strictis, carne molli, occultarum juncturarum, gracilium ossium, et generaliter talis dispositio qualis est in corporibus mulierum, significatur quod materia est phlegmatica. Et si fuerit macrum, citrini coloris, pilosum, et cum crassis venis, et manifestis juncturis, ostendit quod materia est cholerica. Et si fuerit niger color, durities corporis, pilositas, asperitas cutis, significatur quod materia est melancholica.” (De Affect. Junct. 2.) It is to be understood, however, that Galen’s system of the temperaments was not based, as has been often erroneously represented, upon any hypothesis respecting the humours. SECT. LXXIII.—ON THE POWERS OF THE ARTICLES OF FOOD.