When headach proves troublesome in fevers, after the accustomed evacuations, in the decline of the paroxyms, the head ought to be anointed, first with the common oil from unripe olives, or with rose oil, to which a very small quantity of vinegar has been added; which, if it be the summer season, and the fever of the ardent type, may be used cold; but, in winter, if the fever be not ardent, it must be hot or tepid. In the oil may be boiled the juice of wild thyme and knot-grass (_polygonum_); and in summer, the heads of the poppy, or the poppy itself may be added, as in winter, a moderate quantity of the hogs-fennel may be substituted in place of it. When the pain continues in the forehead, if the open of the head be bare, a poultice may be applied to it, made of old barley-meal and knot-grass; or, in like manner, of bread and roses, or of some myrtle or wild thyme. Some are rather benefited by an admixture of pennyroyal, and others, when the affection was of a hot nature, have rather been remedied, by having flea-wort (_psyllium_) added to the barley-flour, or even by this substance alone, when boiled to the consistence of bird-lime. It must be frequently changed. Coriander with barley-meal may be used in like manner. Aloes with vinegar are also to be rubbed in, or myrrh and ammoniac in like manner, and crocomagma. Pulsatory pains are dispelled by rue and mint, with bread, to which a little rose oil has been added. When the pain does not yield to the afore-mentioned remedies, we must first cut the hair close by the skin, and then rub some of the oily embrocations over it all; after which cupping-instruments are to be applied to the hind-head, and the extremities to be bound with ligatures, and chafed. Leeches also are a proper application. But if a catarrh or defluxion raise the pain in the head, we must apply the remedies which will afterwards be described in the proper place. But if exhalations from the stomach have been carried upwards, and hurt the head, we must attend to them, as is stated below. * * * * * COMMENTARY. Part of the directions delivered by Celsus for the treatment of headach deserves to be given in his own language: “Si capitis dolores sunt, rosam cum aceto miscere oportet, et in id ingerere: deinde habere duo pittacia, quæ frontis latitudinem longitudinemque æquent: ex his invicem alterum in aceto et rosâ habere, alterum in fronte: aut intinctam iisdem lanam succidam imponere. Si acetum offendit purâ rosâ uterdum est, si rosa ipsa lædit, oleo acerbo.” If this does not succeed, he recommends other more refrigerant applications prepared with iris, poppies, ceruse, litharge, &c. (iii, 10, 112.)