timid, and desponding. To say all in a word, with regard to the compound temperaments, they are always to be distinguished by the marks of the prevailing quality. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This Section is taken from Oribasius (Synops. v, 44), who borrows from Galen (Ars Med. c. 15.) See also all the authorities referred to in the preceding chapter. The ancients, it will be perceived, connected the passions and desires of the mind with the temperaments; and, to establish the alliance between them, Galen wrote a treatise, wherein he has handled the subject very ingeniously, and has delivered many profound views of the animal economy. Galen’s work, to which we allude, is entitled, ‘Quod Animi Mores Corporis Temperamenta sequuntur.’ SECT. LXII.—ON THE FORM OF THE HEAD. A small head is the peculiar mark of a faulty configuration of the brain, but a large is not necessarily a good one; for if occasioned by the strength of the vital powers of the part fabricating an abundant and proper material, it is a good sign; but if occasioned by the quantity of matter alone, it is not good. We must judge of heads then from their shape, and from the processes which arise from them: from their shape, if well formed, for that is always a good sign; and from the processes of the brain, if they be in their proper state, and if the nervous parts be all properly nourished, have their suitable tone, and if the sight be acute. Sharp heads are defective in the protuberance of the front or hind-head, or else it is unnaturally increased. Now, in most cases we shall find that these last, like the large, are faulty, and yet some of them, though rarely, are good, the formative principle being strong. * * * * * COMMENTARY. This Section is taken from Oribasius (Synops. v, 45); Aëtius (iv, 63); or direct from Galen (Ars Med. c. 6.) Psellus, like our author, remarks, that a small head, by contracting and binding, as it were, the brain, is necessarily a bad formation; whilst a large head, if it arises from excess of the natural powers, is good; but if it is occasioned by a collection of superfluous matter, the contrary. We would refer, in this place, to the curious account of the _Macrocephali_ given by Hippocrates in his treatise ‘On Airs,’ &c. (§ 14), and to the interesting remarks in the same by M. Littré (t. iv, p. xi.) SECT. LXIII.—THE MARKS OF THE TEMPERAMENT OF THE BRAIN.