The Arabians treat of these ulcers very fully. Avicenna in particular gives very proper directions for the constitutional treatment. When the state of the ulcer is occasioned by an intemperament, it is to be corrected, and if the blood is deficient in quantity or quality, this is to be remedied by a proper diet; and when on the contrary it is connected with plethora, venesection is to be had recourse to, and if the veins leading to it are varicose, it may be proper to open them. When the sore is kept from healing by a spiculum of bone, we are to cut down and remove it. His applications consist of the same ingredients as those used by the Greeks, namely, the flower of copper, copperas, alum, ceruse, lime, arsenic, &c., mixed with wax and oil. The directions given by Rhases are less circumstantial, but to the same purpose. He particularly directs us to remove the callous edges by friction, scarifications, and septics. He speaks of turpentine as an excellent addition to other ointment. (Contin. xxviii.) He mentions that in case of malignant ulcer on the leg connected with varix, Galen opened the enlarged vein. The _cacoethes_ of Celsus was evidently the disease called _noli me tangere_ by Theodoricus; a very absurd appellation, which however has been retained to the present day. Celsus has pointed out its resemblance to carcinoma, and recommended the only mode of treatment which ever does any good in these cases, namely, the application of septics, such as arsenic, quicklime, &c., or the actual cautery. As our limits will not permit us to enlarge further on this subject at present, we must be content with referring to No. 108 of the ‘Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal,’ where we have given a full exposition of the ancient principles of treatment. (See also the Commentary on s. xxvi of this Book.) SECT. XLVII.—FOR BLACK CICATRICES.