Crime -- England -- London -- History -- 19th century; London (England) -- Moral conditions; London (England) -- Social conditions
One of the most terrible results of hard drinking is that kind of
insanity that takes the name of “delirium tremens;” and its
characteristic symptoms may be described as follows: Muscular
tremors—more especially of the hands and of the tongue when
protruded—along with complete sleeplessness, and delirium of a muttering,
sight-seeing, bustling, abrupt, anxious, apprehensive kind. The
afflicted patient has not the ability to follow out a train of thought,
to explain fully an illusion or perverted sensation, or to perform any
act correctly; for he may be one moment rational and the next incoherent,
now conscious of his real condition and of surrounding realities, and
then again suddenly excited by the most ridiculous fancies—principally of
a spectral kind—such as strange visitors in the shape of human beings,
devils, cats, rats, snakes, &c.; or by alarming occurrences, such as
robberies, fires, pursuits for crimes, and the like. He is easily
pleased and satisfied by gentleness and indulgence, and much fretted and
agitated by restraint and opposition. The face is generally of a pale
dirty colour and wearing an anxious expression; eyes startled but
lustreless, sometimes considerably suffused, and the pupils not
contracted unless considerable doses of opium have been administered, or
very decided arachnitic symptoms have supervened; skin warm and moist,
often perspiring copiously; tongue sometimes loaded, but generally pale
and moist, occasionally remarkably clean; appetite small, but the patient
will often take whatever is presented to him; thirst by no means urgent,
and seldom or never any craving for spirituous liquors; urine scanty and
high-coloured, and, in some cases which Dr. Munroe (from whose volume
this description is derived) tested, containing a large quantity of
albumen, which, however, disappears immediately after the paroxysm is
over; alvine evacuations bilious and offensive; and the pulse generally
ranges from 98 to 120, generally soft, but of various degrees of fulness
and smallness, according to the strength of the patient and the stage of
the affection. The precursory symptoms are by no means peculiar or
pathognomonic, but common to many febrile affections, implicating the
sensorium in the way of repeatedly-disturbed and sleepless nights, with
perhaps more of a hurried and agitated manner than usual for some days
previously. The paroxysm which is distinguished by the phenomena above
described—occurring with remarkable uniformity, independently of age and
constitution—usually runs its course, if uncomplicated and properly
treated, on the second or third day, though sometimes earlier, and it
seldom extends beyond the fifth day. It then terminates in a profound
natural sleep, which may continue for many hours, and from which, if it
even lasts for six hours, the patient awakes weak and languid, but quite
coherent. The casualties of the disease are convulsions or coma, which,
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