The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 1: Chaldaea: The History, Geography, And Antiquities Of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, And Sassanian or New Persian Empire; With Maps and Illustrations.Rawlinson, George
History
The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 1: Chaldaea: The History, Geography, And Antiquities Of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, And Sassanian or New Persian Empire; With Maps and Illustrations.
In character and attributes the classical god whom Nin most closely
resembles is, however, not Saturn, but Hercules. An indication of this
connection is perhaps contained in the Herodotean genealogy, which makes
Hercules an ancestor of Ninus. Many classical traditions, we must
remember, identified Hercules with Saturn; and it seems certain that in
the East at any rate this identification was common. So Nin, in the
inscriptions, is the god of strength and courage. He is “the lord of the
brave,” “the champion,” “the warrior who subdues foes,” “he who
strengthens the heart of his followers;” and again, “the destroyer of
enemies,” “the reducer of the disobedient,” “the exterminator of rebels,”
“he whose sword is good.” In many respects he bears a close resemblance
to Nergal or Mars. Like him, he is a god of battle and of the chase,
presiding over the king’s expeditions, whether for war or hunting, and
giving success in both alike. At the same time he has qualities which
seem wholly unconnected with any that have been hitherto mentioned. He
is the true “Fish-God” of Berosus, and is fig ured as such in the
sculptures. [PLATE XIX., Fig. 5.] In this point of view he is called
“the god of the sea,” “he who dwells in the sea,” and again, somewhat
curiously, “the opener of aqueducts.” Besides these epithets, he has
many of a more general character, as “the powerful chief,” “the supreme,”
“the first of the gods,” “the favorite of the gods,” “the chief of the
spirits,” and the like. Again, he has a set of epithets which seem to
point to his stellar character, very difficult to reconcile with the
notion that, as a celestial luminary, he was Saturn. We find him called
“the light of heaven and earth,” “he who, like the sun, the light of the
gods, irradiates the nations.” These phrases appear to point to the
Moon, or to some very brilliant star, and are scarcely reconcilable with
the notion that he was the dark and distant Saturn.
Nin’s emblem in Assyria is the Man-bull, the impersonation of strength
and power. [PLATE XIX., Fig. 6.] He guards the palaces of the Assyrian
kings, who reckon him their tutelary god, and give his name to their
capital city. We may conjecture that in Babylonia his emblem was the
sacred fish, which is often seen under different forms upon the
cylinders. [PLATE XIX., Fig. 7.]
The monuments furnish no evidence of the early worship of Nin in
Chaldaea. We may perhaps gather the fact from Berosus’ account of the
Fish-God as an early object of veneration in that region, as well as from
the Hamitic etymology of the name by which he was ordinarily known even
in Assyria. There he was always one of the most important deities. His
temple at Nineveh was very famous, and is noticed by Tacitus in his
“Annals;” and he had likewise two temples at Calah (Nimrud), both of them
buildings of some pretension.
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