The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 6: Parthia: The History, Geography, And Antiquities Of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, And Sassanian or New Persian Empire; With Maps and Illustrations.Rawlinson, George
History
The Seven Great Monarchies Of The Ancient Eastern World, Vol 6: Parthia: The History, Geography, And Antiquities Of Chaldaea, Assyria, Babylon, Media, Persia, Parthia, And Sassanian or New Persian Empire; With Maps and Illustrations.
According to some, the headquarters of Trajan during the ensuing winter
were at Nisibis or Edessa, but the nexus of the narrative in Dio seems
rather to require, and the other ancient notices to allow, the belief
that he returned to Syria and wintered at Antioch, leaving his generals
in possession of the conquered regions, with orders to make every
preparation for the campaign of the next year. Among other instructions
which they received was the command to build a large fleet at Nisibis,
where good timber was abundant, and to prepare for its transport to the
Tigris, at the point where that stream quits the mountains and enters on
the open country. Meanwhile, in the month of December, the magnificent
Syrian capital, where Trajan had his headquarters, was visited by a
calamity of a most appalling character. An earthquake, of a violence and
duration unexampled in ancient times, destroyed the greater part of its
edifices, and buried in their ruins vast multitudes of the inhabitants
and of the strangers that had flocked into the town in consequence of
the Imperial presence. Many Romans of the highest rank perished, and
among them M. Virgilianus Pedo, one of the consuls for the year. The
Emperor himself was in danger, and only escaped by creeping through
a window of the house in which he resided; nor was his person quite
unscathed. Some falling fragments struck him; but fortunately the
injuries that he received were slight, and had no permanent consequence.
The bulk of the surviving inhabitants, finding themselves houseless, or
afraid to enter their houses if they still stood, bivouacked during the
height of the winter in the open air, in the Circus, and elsewhere about
the city. The terror which legitimately followed from the actual perils
was heightened by imaginary fears. It was thought that the Mons Casius,
which towers above Antioch to the south-west, was about to be shattered
by the violence of the shocks, and to precipitate itself upon the ruined
town.
Nor were the horrors of the catastrophe confined to Antioch. The
earthquake was one of a series which carried destruction and devastation
through the greater part of the East. In the Roman province of Asia,
four cities were completely destroyed--Eleia, Myrina, Pitane, and Cyme.
In Greece two towns were reduced to ruins, namely, Opus in Locris, and
Oritus. In Galatia three cities, unnamed, suffered the same fate. It
seemed as if Providence had determined that the new glories which Rome
was gaining by the triumphs of her arms should be obscured by calamities
of a kind that no human power could avert or control, and that despite
the efforts of Trajan to make his reign a time of success and splendor,
it should go down to posterity as one of gloom, suffering, and disaster.
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