V. Often in association with this horrible design we find, in Greek
works, one which is as beautiful as this is painful--that egg and dart
moulding, whose perfection in its place and way, has never been
surpassed. And why is this? Simply because the form of which it is
chiefly composed is one not only familiar to us in the soft housing of
the bird's nest, but happens to be that of nearly every pebble that
rolls and murmurs under the surf of the sea, on all its endless shore.
And with that a peculiar accuracy; for the mass which bears the light in
this moulding is _not_ in good Greek work, as in the frieze of the
Erechtheum, merely of the shape of an egg. It is _flattened_ on the
upper surface, with a delicacy and keen sense of variety in the curve
which it is impossible too highly to praise, attaining exactly that
flattened, imperfect oval, which, in nine cases out of ten, will be the
form of the pebble lifted at random from the rolled beach. Leave out
this flatness, and the moulding is vulgar instantly. It is singular also
that the insertion of this rounded form in the hollow recess has a
_painted_ type in the plumage of the Argus pheasant, the eyes of whose
feathers are so shaded as exactly to represent an oval form placed in a
hollow.
VI. It will evidently follow, upon our application of this test of
natural resemblance, that we shall at once conclude that all perfectly
beautiful forms must be composed of curves; since there is hardly any
common natural form in which it is possible to discover a straight line.
Nevertheless, Architecture, having necessarily to deal with straight
lines essential to its purposes in many instances and to the expression
of its power in others, must frequently be content with that measure of
beauty which is consistent with such primal forms; and we may presume
that utmost measure of beauty to have been attained when the
arrangements of such lines are consistent with the most frequent natural
groupings of them we can discover, although, to find right lines in
nature at all, we may be compelled to do violence to her finished work,
break through the sculptured and colored surfaces of her crags, and
examine the processes of their crystallisation.
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