[80] E. Herrmann, “Natural History of Clothing” (Vienna, 1878, p. 239). [81] Edward Westermarck, “History of Human Marriage.” [82] Wilhelm Joest, “Tattooing, Scarifying, and Painting the Body” (Berlin, 1887). [83] Carl Marquardt, “Tattooing of Both Sexes in Samoa” (Berlin. 1899). [84] Ludwig Stein, “The Beginnings of Human Civilization” (Leipzig, 1906, pp. 74, 75); Edward Tylor, “Anthropology: an Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization” (Macmillan, 1881, p. 237). [85] According to Karl von den Steinen (_op. cit._, p. 186), the oil colours used in painting the body are “=actually the clothing of the Indians, employed for this purpose as occasion demands=.” Their oldest aim was protection against heat, cutaneous irritation, and external noxious influences. [86] _Cf._ Y. Hirn, “The Origin of Art” (Leipzig, 1904, pp. 223, 224). [87] _Cf._ my “Contributions to the Etiology of Psychopathia Sexualis,” vol. ii., p. 338. [88] _Cf._ K. Lange, “The Nature of Art” (Berlin, 1901, vol. ii., pp. 185, 186). [89] The significance of tattooing of this nature in the diagnosis of sexual perversities we shall later discuss at greater length. [90] _Cf._ Kurella, “The Natural History of the Criminal” (Stuttgart, 1893, pp. 105-112). [91] “Erotic Tattooing” in “Anthropophyteia, Annual for Folk-lore and for Researches regarding the History of the Evolution of Sexual Morals,” edited by Friedrich S. Krauss (Leipzig, 1904, vol. i., pp. 507-513). According to an account in the _Temps_, in a deserter from the French army the most remarkable tattooings were observed. On the breast there were two seductive women throwing kisses to a sturdy musketeer, in addition to portraits of music-hall singers, both male and female--for example, Yvette Guilbert. The entire back was covered with love sketches. _Cf._ _B. Z. am Mittag_, August 21, 1906. [92] William Ellis, “Polynesian Researches” (London, 1859, vol. i., p. 235). [93] _Cf._ Hirn, “The Origin of Art,” pp. 214, 215. [94] _Cf._ Havelock Ellis, _op. cit._ pp. 56-62. [95] It is well known that the buttocks formed an object of erotic allurement in many savage races, and especially so in certain African tribes. [96] J. J. Virey, “Woman” (Leipzig, 1825, p. 300). [97] Westermarck, “History of Human Marriage,” pp. 193, 197. [98] C. H. Stratz, “Women’s Clothing” (Stuttgart, 1900, p. 42). [99] In his “Confessions,” Rousseau writes regarding the collar of the beautiful courtesan Giulietta: “Her cuffs and collar had silken threads running through them, and were adorned with pictures of roses. =These made a beautiful contrast with her fine skin.=” [100] H. Lotze, “Mikrokosmus: Ideas regarding the Natural History of Mankind” (third edition, Leipzig, 1878, vol. ii., p. 210). [101] H. Bahr, “Clothing Reform,” in _Dokumente der Frauen_, 1902, vol. vi., No. 23, p. 665.