“I believe that the American people accept, as one just definition of democracy, Napoleon’s phrase, ’Every career is open to talent’.”—Charles William Eliot. Lincoln defined a democracy as “A government of the people, by the people, and for the people”. 17 “A Republic may be defined as a state in which the sovereign power rests in the people as a whole but is exercised by representatives chosen by a popular vote.”—_Cyclopedia of American Government_, Vol. III, p. 188. “A Republic, in the modern sense of the term, is a government which derives all its powers directly, or indirectly, from the great body of the people, i. e. the majority—and is administered by persons holding their offices for a limited period.”—_Cyclopedia of American Government_, Vol. III, p. 188. “Republican government is a government of the people; a government by representatives chosen by the people.”—Bouvier’s _Law Dictionary_. The Constitution of the United States in Art. IV, Sec. 4 guarantees to every State a republican form of government, but it does not define what is republican government. It is generally assumed that if for any reason the representative government of a State should be destroyed or temporarily set aside, it would be the duty of the Federal government, acting through the President as chief executive, to use whatever force was necessary (including the army and navy) to overcome such agency and to restore to the people of that State its former representative government. “It is left to Congress to decide what constitutes a republican form of government, and Congress also has the right to say which government in a state is the legal government. This necessarily follows because before Congress can decide whether the government is Republican it must decide which government is in force.”—_Luther vs. Borden, 7 Howard 1._ “It is Congress and not the President who decides what is Republican government in a state.”—_Martin vs. Mott, 12 Wheaton 19._ 18 “It may well be contended that a republican form of government necessarily involves the exercise of powers of government by representative officers and bodies, and the distribution of powers of government among distinct and independent departments.”—McClain’s _Constitutional Law_, p. 10. _ 19 Initiative_ means the right of the people to initiate or commence the process of lawmaking. It is done by circulating a petition asking that a certain provision be enacted into law. If the petition receives the signatures of a certain percentage of qualified voters, the legislature is required to enact the provision into law, or submit it to the voters to determine whether it shall become law.