The Short ConstitutionWade, Martin J. (Martin Joseph)
History
The Short Constitution
Wade, Martin J. (Martin Joseph)
United States. Constitution
Did you ever read of the debtor’s prison? It used to be in nearly every
country in the world, that men who were merely unfortunate, who got in
debt and who could not pay when the debt was due were sent to prison, and
kept there sometimes for long periods. It was most cruel, because in many
instances the persons were honest. They wanted to pay their debts, but
sickness came, or floods, or fire, or other misfortune, and when the time
came they were unable to pay and thus they lost their liberty.
In those olden days, men were not only imprisoned, but in some countries
they were compelled to labor for the person whom they owed. They were
compelled to be slaves.
But at last we have reached a stage in America, where no one may be
compelled to work for another, unless by his own free will, except under
conviction of a crime where the State may compel prisoners to work for
some one in order to help pay the expense of maintaining them.
The old debtor’s prison is gone. No one in this country can now be
imprisoned for an ordinary debt. There are a few States in which a person
may be imprisoned for debts arising in fraud, but for an ordinary contract
debt, mere inability to pay, no one in America can now be compelled to
submit to imprisonment.
I wish sometime you would think seriously about what America has done for
the poor. In the olden days they had few if any rights; but to-day in
America, while by law we cannot prevent sickness nor sorrow, or other
misfortune, we can and we do guard the liberty of the poorest and the most
unfortunate. In fact many laws have been enacted which give to the poor
special privileges which are denied to those who have property or money.
For instance in nearly every State there are what are called exemptions
for a person who is the head of a family, which protect him even in the
possession of a limited amount of property which his creditors cannot take
away from him in payment of a debt. In most of the States laborers may
hold the earnings of a certain period, for instance ninety days, for
support of themselves and their families, which no one can touch, which no
officers and no court can seize in payment of a debt. Also they are
protected in their household goods, their clothing for themselves and
their families, and in many other ways.
The farmer who may be heavily in debt is protected for himself and his
family by having exempted to him a team of horses, harness and wagon,
machinery, farm utensils, and food and clothing for the family.
I have not time to relate all that has been done by America in sympathetic
aid of the poor and the unfortunate. No other country in the world has
given such consideration to the poor as has America.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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