The Siberian Overland Route from Peking to Petersburg,: Through the Deserts and Steppes of Mongolia, Tartary, &c.Michie, Alexander
History
The Siberian Overland Route from Peking to Petersburg,: Through the Deserts and Steppes of Mongolia, Tartary, &c.
Michie, Alexander
China -- Description and travel; Siberia (Russia) -- Description and travel
The regularity of habits which prevail in settled populations may
also have its influence in the general physical development of the
people. The nomads have certain qualities cultivated to excess, and
others almost entirely unused. The animal instincts are naturally
found highly developed amongst the Mongols. The sense of sight is
very acute in them; they are sensitive to indications of changes
of weather, and so with various other instincts which to these
wandering tribes supply the wants of a more artificial life, and
enable them to exist in a state of nature. Individuality is in a
great measure lost among such people. The habits and education
of each individual among them are identical. Their pursuits are
all the same. The very same faculties, both physical and mental,
are kept in exercise among the whole tribe, and that through many
generations, so that they have become hereditary, and indelibly
imprinted on the race. A Mongol who was not a good horseman would be
as anomalous as one that was inhospitable. The uniformity of life
among the members of these nomad tribes, while it keeps back many
faculties, the exercise of which is necessary to the existence of
civilised people, also renders the type of whole tribes constant,
so that no one individual differs greatly in external features from
another. In civilised communities, where the division of labour
has become so indispensable as to be in itself one great criterion
of civilisation, a variety of types are evolved even in a single
lifetime. A tailor can never be mistaken for a blacksmith, nor a
soldier for a sailor; but tribes whose habits compel each family
to be independent, as it were, of all the rest of the world, whose
wants are limited by the means of supplying them, and among whom
different occupations are almost unknown, do necessarily present a
remarkable uniformity. It would be unsound to generalise too freely,
and there are of course the individual distinctions of physiognomy
as well marked as among other races, but these differences are more
limited in their scope. Some trades are known to the Mongols, such
as felt-making, tanning and dressing skins, iron, copper, and silver
work, saddle-making, &c. In more settled parts they also make
harness, carts, and sledges; and printing from blocks, after the
manner of the Chinese and Japanese, is also known among them. These
arts are most cultivated among the Bouriats in Siberia, who, by
their contact with the Russians, and from the nature of the country
they inhabit, are thrown more in the way of artificial life than the
desert tribes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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