The Siege and Conquest of the North PoleBryce, George
History
The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole
Bryce, George
Arctic regions; North Pole; Scientific expeditions
De Long had been instructed to make inquiries concerning Professor
Nordenskjöld, who had nearly reached Behring Strait in making his famous
north-east passage during the previous year. For this purpose he left
St. Michael’s on 21st August, and made for St. Lawrence Bay, Siberia,
which he reached on the 25th, after a stormy passage. Here he
ascertained that a ship which had been frozen in during the previous
winter in Koliutchin Bay, had left St. Lawrence Bay some time before. De
Long believed that this must have been Nordenskjöld’s ship, but to make
certain he decided to make inquiries near where the Professor wintered.
He visited Koliutchin Bay, and found satisfactory proof that
Nordenskjöld had wintered there, and had left in safety. It was now the
31st August, and De Long was free to continue his voyage to the north,
but unfortunately the navigation season was drawing to a close. The
lateness of the date when the _Jeannette_ left San Francisco, her want
of speed, and the delay caused by her search for Nordenskjöld placed De
Long at a great disadvantage.
Pack-ice was met as early as the 2nd September. Herald Island was
sighted on the 4th, and on the same date land was seen away to the
south-west.
On the 6th September the _Jeannette_ was beset, within a week after
leaving the Siberian coast, and was never afterwards released. On the
9th September the position by observation was found to be 71° 35′ N.,
175° 5′ 48″ W.
On the 13th September, De Long sent four men with a sledge to make an
attempt to reach Herald Island. They returned next day and reported that
they had been forced to return when about 5 miles from the island. Broad
leads and rotten ice had been met, and it was evidently impossible to
sledge to the island.
By this time it was observed that the _Jeannette_ was being slowly
drifted in the ice towards the north-west. On the 15th September the
position was 71° 46′ N., 175° 36′ W., or about 15 miles to the
north-west of the position on the 9th. All hope of getting out of the
ice before next summer was now almost given up, and the best that could
be expected was that the _Jeannette_ might drift to Wrangel Land before
spring. However, after drifting some distance to the north-west, the
_Jeannette_ was drifted to the east, and then to the south-west, thus
forming a triangle, and after a month’s drift she reached a point near
where she began.
On the 21st October the thermometer fell to zero for the first time.
Preparations were made for the winter, and De Long took great
precautions to see that everything possible was done to insure the
health of the party. Special attention was paid to the proper
ventilation of the ship and the avoidance of damp. The surgeon, Dr.
Ambler, frequently tested the amount of carbonic acid gas in the air;
and a thorough examination of the whole party was made monthly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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