The Siege and Conquest of the North PoleBryce, George
History
The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole
Bryce, George
Arctic regions; North Pole; Scientific expeditions
It was not until the 1st of February 1894 that the 80th degree of
latitude was reached. On the 6th of April a remarkable event took place,
which had been looked forward to with lively interest. It was an eclipse
of the sun. Hansen, who had charge of the astronomical observations,
calculated that the eclipse would begin at 12.56. It really was seen to
begin 7½ seconds later than the time calculated. This proved the
chronometers to be in excellent order. Four bears made their appearance
on 8th April; none had been seen during the three previous months. The
81st degree of latitude was reached about 17th May 1894, and the 82nd
not until the 31st October 1894.
On the 5th of November a curious incident happened, and is worth
mentioning. One of the young dogs was heard howling fearfully on deck.
It was found to have touched an iron bolt with its tongue, and was
frozen fast to it. The poor beast was straining to get free, with its
tongue stretched out so far that it looked like a thin rope proceeding
out of its throat. The bolt was heated by means of the hand, and the
puppy then managed to get the tongue free.
On 16th November, Nansen elaborated his plan for the sledge-journey
towards the Pole in the spring of 1895. He made his calculations from
the 83rd degree of latitude, and he expected that the _Fram_ would reach
a higher latitude than this. The distance to the Pole from this latitude
is 483 English miles. Nansen thought it reasonable to expect that this
distance could be covered in fifty days, which would give about 9½ miles
a day. The expedition was to consist of twenty-eight dogs, and two men,
with 2100 lb. of provisions and equipments. Nansen calculated that in
fifty days the dogs would consume 1400 lb. of pemmican, allowing a pound
a day for each dog. Two pounds of provisions daily for each man was
allowed. In returning, he intended to make for either the Seven Islands,
north of Spitzbergen, or Cape Fligely in Franz-Josef Land, according to
circumstances. Setting out on the 1st of March, he expected to reach the
Pole at the end of April, and have about 500 lb. of provisions left for
the return journey. This would not allow anything for the dogs, so it
was intended to kill some to feed the others. Allowing for the gradual
reduction of weight on the return journey, Nansen calculated that Cape
Fligely should be reached about the 1st of June. From here he would
decide whether to return along the north-west coast of Franz-Josef Land
by Gillis Land towards North-East Island and Spitzbergen, or south
through Austria Sound towards the south coast of Franz-Josef Land, and
thence to Novaya Zemlya or Spitzbergen.
Nansen decided that Johansen should be his companion. He was a
lieutenant in the Reserve, and was so eager to go in the _Fram_ that, as
no other post could be found for him, he accepted that of stoker. He
afterwards assisted Hansen in taking scientific observations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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