The Siege and Conquest of the North PoleBryce, George
History
The Siege and Conquest of the North Pole
Bryce, George
Arctic regions; North Pole; Scientific expeditions
On 28th February a start was again made, with six sledges instead of
four. A broad board was fitted lengthwise to the sledge, underneath the
cross-bars, so as to protect them against projecting pieces of ice. They
had not proceeded far from the ship when Nansen came to the conclusion
that the load was too heavy, and several sacks with food for the dogs
were left behind. On the 3rd of March, Nansen again decided to return to
the ship. The progress made with six sledges was unsatisfactory, and the
cold was severe.
On the 14th of March they left the _Fram_ for the third and last time.
As regards clothing, Nansen had on the upper part of the body two
woollen shirts; outside these a camel’s-hair coat, and last of all a
thick rough jersey. Instead of the jersey, Johansen wore an “anorak” of
thick homespun, provided with a hood. On the legs they had, next the
skin, woollen drawers, and over these knickerbockers and loose gaiters
of close Norwegian homespun. To protect them from wind and fine-driven
snow, they wore a suit made of a thin, close kind of cotton canvas, and
consisting of an upper garment to pull over the head, provided with a
hood, and a lower one in the shape of a pair of wide overalls. Instead
of wearing long stockings, Nansen preferred to use loose stocking-legs
and socks, as these were more easily dried on the chest when asleep at
night. For travelling over snow in a low temperature, Nansen recommends
Finn shoes. They are warm and strong, are always flexible, and very easy
to put on and take off. They must, however, be made of the skin of the
hind-legs of the reindeer buck. In milder weather they had leather boots
of the “komager” type, made of under-tanned ox-hide, with soles of the
skin of the blue seal. Inside the Finn shoes they used “sennegraes,” or
sedge grass, which absorbs moisture and keeps the feet dry.
On their hands they wore ordinary woollen mittens, and above these large
gloves of wolf-skin, neither of them having divisions for the fingers.
On their heads they wore felt hats, which shaded the eyes from the
dazzling light, and were not so pervious to the wind as an ordinary
woollen cap would be. Outside the hat they generally had one or two
hoods of cloth.
To sleep in, they used a double bag of adult reindeer-skin.
In Nansen’s opinion, a tent should always be carried. He thinks that the
inconsiderable increase in weight is more than compensated for by the
extra comfort. The tent used was square at the base and pointed at the
top, and was pitched by means of a snowshoe-staff which served the
purpose of a tent-pole. The walls were kept down by pegs, and then
banked carefully round with snow to exclude wind and draughts. At first
Nansen tried a tent with a canvas floor attached, but found that snow
and moisture collected on this and added much to the weight. The whole
tent weighed a little over 3 lb.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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