Between the first and second assaults there had been less than half an
hour's interval. This time the wait was longer, and the Americans
ineffectually sought to take advantage of it. Messengers were again sent
to Ward; the general, learning at last that so many of the British
forces were occupied in the battle that Cambridge was safe from an
attack, gave orders that more regiments should go to Prescott's
assistance. To save the day there was yet time, but of the regiments
thus ordered, few companies reached the ground, and fewer still took
part in the action. And in this the weakness of the American
organization was sadly evident. From first to last Ward seems to have
sent to Bunker Hill sufficient force to have won the battle; but as he
never left his house he could take no pains to make sure that his orders
were obeyed. As a matter of fact, of the regiments despatched, one went
to Lechmere's Point, where it must have secured an excellent view of the
battle, but was completely useless. Being next ordered "to the hill," it
was conducted by its colonel, James Scammans, to Cobble Hill; thence he
sent to Bunker Hill to learn if he was wanted. Receiving a vigorous
reply from Putnam, Scammans at last marched his men to Bunker Hill,
reaching the top in time to witness the end of the battle. In similar
fashion young Major Gridley of the artillery battalion, whom "parental
partiality" had given too much responsibility, took post at a distance,
and fired at the shipping. Both Scammans and Gridley were later
court-martialled. Other officers lost their way, or, like Colonel
Mansfield, who stayed with his regiment to "support" Gridley in his
position of safety, disobeyed orders.
These facts serve to show not only the confusion of the day, but also
the bad judgment, to use no stronger phrase, of unseasoned soldiers. It
is fair to say that the hesitancy of some was offset by the heroism of
others. When Colonel Gerrish, who was later cashiered, could bring his
men no further forward than Bunker Hill, his adjutant, Christian
Febiger, a Dane, led a part of the command to the rail fence, and fought
bravely there. One of the captains of artillery, disregarding Gridley's
commands, took his two guns to Charlestown, and served one of them at
the rail fence. Other individuals named and unnamed, with or without
orders, went to the field, took post where they could, and fought for
their own hand. Yet these are scattered instances in the midst of too
many failures to obey. Those who did march down to the field of carnage,
with "no more thought," as one of them confessed, "of ever rising the
hill again than I had of ascending to Heaven, as Elijah did, soul and
body together,"--those who thus devoted themselves left many behind on
the safe side of Bunker Hill, or posted ineffectively behind distant
fences or trees. Of the thousand Americans who during this last pause in
the battle might have reached the post of danger, not enough arrived to
affect the result.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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