Organization proceeded slowly, complicated by the fact that the other
provinces maintained separate armies. The names of some of the
commanders are still familiar. Putnam and Spencer were the heads of the
Connecticut troops; John Stark was prominent among the New Hampshire
men; while to command the Rhode Islanders came Nathanael Greene. With
praiseworthy suppression of provincial jealousies the commanders
speedily agreed to subordinate themselves to Ward, as the oldest among
them, and the head of the largest body of troops. He was regarded as
commander-in-chief, and his orders were to be observed by all. Yet the
means to communicate orders and to receive reports were long lacking.
The combined armies were far from being a unit, and if attacked could
resist little better than on the 19th, as scattered bands, and not as a
whole.
The very size of the army was uncertain. On paper there were more than
twenty thousand men; as a matter of fact there can seldom have been more
than four-fifths of that number. Of the actual total Massachusetts
provided 11,500, Connecticut 2300, New Hampshire 1200, Rhode Island
1000.[85] Further, in its variable size this was the very type of a
volunteer army, of which every man owned his equipment, clothed himself,
and considered himself still, to a large extent, his own master. Of the
thousands living within twenty-five miles of Boston, who sprang to arms
on the 19th, knowing that if they were quick they might strike the
British before night, few had the foresight to prepare themselves
properly for the campaign that was to follow. There were no commissary
stores to supply them. Their affairs at home they left just where they
stood. In the next few days many of these men went home, for the
necessary arrangement of their affairs and for more clothing. The larger
number of them returned to camp immediately, some were slower, and yet
others stayed for a longer time. Even those who joined the army after
more preparation often had business that called them home, in which case
they considered it a hardship to be denied. The officers sympathized,
especially when that business was haying. Cases occurred in which the
men on furlough were making their officers' hay, while at the same time
drawing the pay of the province. The position of the general commanding
such troops was not to be envied.
Further, military supplies were very few. In spite of the preparations
of the provincial congress, there were on hand only sixty-eight
half-barrels of powder, a scanty stock with which to begin the siege of
a military garrison. Of cannon a varying number is reported, few of
them as yet of value, for lack of shot to fit them. It was doubtless a
great relief to Ward that he was not called upon to use his cannon,
since they would have drawn too heavily upon his scanty supply of
ammunition, which could be replaced but slowly.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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