Buddhism -- Burma; Burma -- Religion; Burma -- Social life and customs
A girl does not change her name when she marries, nor does she wear any
sign of marriage, such as a ring. Her name is always the same, and there
is nothing to a stranger to denote whether she be married or not, or
whose wife she is; and she keeps her property as her own. Marriage does
not confer upon the husband any power over his wife's property, either
what she brings with her, what she earns, or what she inherits
subsequently; it all remains her own, as does his remain his own. But
usually property acquired after marriage is held jointly. You will
inquire, for instance, who is the owner of this garden, and be told
Maung Han, Ma Shwe, the former being the husband's name and the latter
the wife's. Both names are used very frequently in business and in legal
proceedings, and indeed it is usual for both husband and wife to sign
all deeds they may have occasion to execute. Nothing more free than a
woman's position in the marriage state can be imagined. By law she is
absolutely the mistress of her own property and her own self; and if it
usually happens that the husband is the head of the house, that is
because his nature gives him that position, not any law.
With us marriage means to a girl an utter breaking of her old ties, the
beginning of a new life, of new duties, of new responsibilities. She
goes out into a new and unknown world, full of strange facts, leaving
one dependence for another, the shelter of a father for the shelter of a
husband. She has even lost her own name, and becomes known but as the
mistress of her husband; her soul is merged in his. But in Burma it is
not so at all. She is still herself, still mistress of herself, an equal
partner for life.
I have said that the Burmese have no ideals, and this is true; but in
the Laws of Manu there are laid down some of the requisite qualities for
a perfect wife. There are seven kinds of wife, say the Laws of Manu: a
wife like a thief, like an enemy, like a master, like a friend, like a
sister, like a mother, like a slave. The last four of these are good,
but the last is the best, and these are some of her qualities:
'She should fan and soothe her master to sleep, and sit by him near the
bed on which he lies. She will fear and watch lest anything should
disturb him. Every noise will be a terror to her; the hum of a mosquito
as the blast of a trumpet; the fall of a leaf without will sound as loud
as thunder. Even she will guard her breath as it passes her lips to and
fro, lest she awaken him whom she fears.
'And she will remember that when he awakens he will have certain wants.
She will be anxious that the bath be to his custom, that his clothes are
as he wishes, that his food is tasteful to him. Always she will have
before her the fear of his anger.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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