6. A study by McGurk himself of Negro and white high school seniors in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Again, Negroes and whites were matched for social and economic status by pairing a white subject with each Negro subject so that both members of a pair were identical or equivalent for fourteen different socio-economic factors. These students then took a test composed half of “cultural questions,” and half of “non-cultural questions.” McGurk’s finding: “In spite of the equivalence of socio-economic factors, 29 per cent of the Negro subjects overlapped the average total score of the white subjects. This is almost identical with the overlapping reported in the Alpha and Beta tests of World War I. There is hardly any question about the socio-economic superiority of this 1951 group of Negroes when compared with the Negroes of World War I. Yet, relative to white subjects, the intervening improvements in social and economic opportunities of the Negroes had not improved their psychological test performance at all.” In 1953, Dr. McGurk published an additional study in the _Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology_, “On White and Negro Test Performance and Socio-Economic Factors.” Here he reclassified the subjects of his 1951 study, in order to compare the 25 per cent of each race who might be regarded as a “high group” and as a “low group” in terms of socio-economic factors. Rearrangement of the data made no difference. It became apparent that socio-economic factors had not made the two groups equally proficient in psychological tests. “The average score of the high Negro group was very much lower than the average score of the whites of equivalent socio-economic status. In terms of Negro overlap, only 18 per cent of these Negro children of excellent socio-economic background obtained test scores that equalled or exceeded the average white score.” Assuming that the liberal social anthropologists are right in what they say, that social and economic forces are of paramount importance, McGurk comments, “There should have been no differences between Negroes and whites in any of these comparisons. As it actually turned out, the difference between Negroes and whites is much greater when both groups are of high socio-economic status than when the racial groups are of deprived socio-economic status.”