P. 134. _Observe the prayer, and the middle prayer._ It is not easy to make out the five daily prayers of Islam in the Korān. In the speech entitled “Hūd” (Mekka, Third Period, xi. 116) it is enjoined: “Observe prayer at two ends of the day, and at two parts of the night”; and again, in “T. H.” (xx. 130), the praises of God are to be celebrated “before the rising of the sun and before its setting, and at times of the night and at the ends of the day”; and in “The Greeks” (xxx. 17) praise is ordained “in the evening and in the morning, and at the evening and at noon.” The Muslim commentators differ as to the application of these injunctions to the five times of prayer recognized throughout the Mohammadan world; which are (1) just after sunset, (2) at nightfall, (3) at daybreak, (4) just after noon, and (5) in the middle of the afternoon. _Turn thy face towards the Sacred Mosque_: _i.e._ towards the Kaaba of Mekka. Originally Mohammad placed the Kibla, or direction of prayer, at Jerusalem; but after his disagreement with the Jews of Medina he reverted to the old Mekkan temple as the focus of Islām. P. 135. It is enacted (ii. 183) that the fast is to be observed from the time when you can distinguish a white thread from a black thread in the morning, till night; but from nightfall till dawn the Muslim may eat and drink and enjoy himself. P. 136. _Make mention of God’s name over the beasts_: _i.e._ Sacrifice them, saying, “In the name of God.” P. 140. The Korān contains a list of prohibited degrees (“Women,” iv. 26, 27), which comprises mothers and stepmothers, daughters, sisters, aunts, nieces, fostermothers, fostersisters, mothers-in-law, stepdaughters, daughters-in-law, and two sisters, and other men’s wives. P. 142. _Keep the women in houses._ Immuring was afterwards changed to stoning both the man and the woman. TABLE-TALK OF MOHAMMAD. P. 147. _Retaliation is equal._--It is worth noticing, that while sin is requited with equal punishment or with forgiveness, good deeds are rewarded tenfold. P. 150. _Rising or setting of the sun._--The exact moment was forbidden, for fear of even the suspicion of sun-worship. P. 164. It is recorded of the prophet, that when, being on a journey, he alighted at any place, he did not say his prayers until he had unsaddled his camel. INDEX OF CHAPTERS OF THE KORĀN TRANSLATED IN THIS VOLUME.