[53] See note 29 above, and _Senate Documents_, 1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. I, p. 342. [54] Pond’s _The Dakotas or Sioux in Minnesota as They Were in 1834_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 378, 379. [55] Ida M. Street’s _A Chapter of Indian History_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. III, pp. 601, 602. CHAPTER IV [56] Petition of R. B. Clark, et al, to Governor Hempstead, July 6, 1854, in the Public Archives, Des Moines, Iowa; Report of Major William Williams to Governor Hempstead, September 1, 1854, in the Public Archives, Des Moines, Iowa. [57] Mrs. Abbie Gardner-Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1885 edition), pp. 24-31; Flickinger’s _Pioneer History of Pocahontas County, Iowa,_ pp. 28, 29. [58] Fulton’s _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 298; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p. 292; Ingham’s _Ink-pa-du-tah’s Revenge_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, p. 272; Hughes’s _Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre_ in the _Collections of the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 268. [59] Fulton’s _Red Men of Iowa_, p. 281. [60] Fulton’s _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 281, 282; N. H. Winchell’s _Aborigines of Minnesota_, p. 551. [61] Other Indian chieftains who were leaders of the consolidated bands and who were to play a prominent part in later Indian history were Titonka, Ishtahabah or Young Sleepy Eyes, Umpashotah, Wahkonsa, and Kasominee. The great battles of Iowa’s inter-tribal Indian history were fought during the period of the supremacy of these leaders. These battles were mostly fought along the Des Moines, Skunk, Iowa, and Cedar rivers. The most notable were: Mud Lake, southeast of the present site of Webster City, against the Musquakies; a terrific contest with the Sac and Fox near Adel; a second contest quite as sanguinary with the same Indians about six miles north of the present city of Algona in 1852; a second battle with the Musquakies in April, 1852, near Clear Lake; and one on the banks of the Lizard, in which the Sioux, victorious, ended their long contest with the Sac and Fox. It was in the Algona battle that the “lingering remnants of two great nations who had for more than two hundred years waged unrelenting warfare against each other had their last and final struggle.”--Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, p. 25. Also Fulton’s _Red Men of Iowa_, pp. 282-287; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 288, 289. [62] Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, p. 29; Hoover’s _Tragedy of Okoboji_ in the _Annals of Iowa_ (Third Series), Vol. V, p. 15; Richman’s _The Tragedy at Minnewaukon_ in _John Brown among the Quakers_, p. 208. [63] Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, p. 29. [64] See note 32 above. [65] Smith’s _History of Dickinson County, Iowa_, p. 29. The date of settlement here is frequently stated as 1847.