Indians of North America -- Iowa; Spirit Lake Massacre, Iowa, 1857
[195] For somewhat varying accounts of the attack upon the Thomas
cabin see Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the
_Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Carpenter’s _The
Spirit Lake Massacre_ in the _Midland Monthly_, Vol. IV, pp. 23-25;
Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, pp. 304, 305; Mrs. Sharp’s _History
of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 94-99; Hughes’s
_Causes and Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre_ in the _Collections of
the Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, pp. 275, 276; Hubbard and
Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 229, 230;
_The Spirit Lake Massacre and Relief Expedition_ in the _Roster and
Record of Iowa Soldiers_, Vol. VI, pp. 898, 899.
[196] Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III,
p. 230.
[197] For the attack upon the Wood brothers see Hubbard and Holcombe’s
_Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, p. 230; Hughes’s _Causes and
Results of the Inkpaduta Massacre_ in the _Collections of the
Minnesota Historical Society_, Vol. XII, p. 275; Mrs. Sharp’s _History
of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 99, 100.
[198] Report of Captain Barnard E. Bee in _House Executive Documents_,
1st Session, 35th Congress, Vol. II, Pt. II, p. 147.
[199] All of the particulars of the events which happened at the
Stewart home we owe to the relation of Johnny. He was later adopted
into the home of Major William Williams at Fort Dodge and in 1915 was
living in Byron, Minnesota, and at that time was one of the four
living survivors of the raid. Read accounts in Hubbard and Holcombe’s
_Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III, pp. 230, 231; Palmer’s
_Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the _Hamilton Freeman_
(Webster City), July 30, 1857; Gue’s _History of Iowa_, Vol. I, p.
305; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902
edition), pp. 100, 101.
[200] Hubbard and Holcombe’s _Minnesota in Three Centuries_, Vol. III,
p. 232; Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902
edition), p. 107.
[201] Mrs. Sharp’s _History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902
edition), pp. 148, 149. For Mrs. Marble’s impressions see an article
from the _St. Paul Pioneer_, May 31, 1857, republished in the
_Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 13, 1857.
CHAPTER XIX
[202] Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the
_Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857; Mrs. Sharp’s
_History of the Spirit Lake Massacre_ (1902 edition), pp. 102-104.
[203] Charles Aldrich in an address at the unveiling of a
commemorative tablet in the Hamilton County Court House in Webster
City, Iowa, on August 12, 1887, states that they started about
midnight. It does not seem, however, that such a late hour could have
been possible under the circumstances.--See the _Annals of Iowa_
(Third Series), Vol. III, p. 548.
[204] Palmer’s _Incidents of the Late Indian Outrages_ in the
_Hamilton Freeman_ (Webster City), July 30, 1857.
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