_swifts thunder in the chimney_: See chapter VII (and notes) in “Winter.” For the “thunder” see section IX in chapter X of this book. PAGE 49 _cabbage butterfly_: a pest; a small whitish butterfly with a few small black spots. Its grubs eat cabbage. PAGE 54 _the crested flycatcher_: is the largest of the family; builds in holes; distinguished by its use of cast-off snake-skins in its nests. _kingbird_: Everybody knows him, for it is usually he who chases the marauding crows; he builds, out in the apple tree if he can, a big, bulky nest with strings a-flying from it: also called “bee-martin,” a most useful bird. _wood pewee_: builds on the limbs of forest trees a most beautiful nest, much like a hummingbird’s, only larger. Pewee’s soft, pensive call of “pe-e-e-wee” in the deep, quiet, dark-shrouded summer woods is one of the sweetest of bird notes. _chebec_: a little smaller than a sparrow; builds a beautiful nest in orchard trees and says “chebec, chebec, chebec.” PAGE 58 _One had died_: After phœbe brings off her first brood sprinkle a little, tobacco-dust or lice-powder, such as you use in the hen-yard, into the nest to kill the vermin. Otherwise the second and third broods may be eaten alive by lice or mites. CHAPTER VIII TO THE TEACHER In “Winter” I put a chapter called “The Missing Tooth,” showing the dark and bitter side of the life of the wild things; here I have taken that thought as most people think of it (see Burroughs’s essay, “A Life of Fear” in “Riverby”) and in the light of typical examples tried to show that wild life is not fear, but peace and joy. The kernel of the chapter is found in the words: “The level of wild life, the soul of all nature, is a great serenity.” Let the pupils watch and report instances of fear (easy to see) and in the same animals instances of peace and joy. FOR THE PUPIL PAGE 60 _gray harrier_: so named because of his habit of flying low and “harrying,” that is, hunting, catching small prey on or near the ground. “Harry” comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for army. PAGE 61 “_He looketh as it were a grym leoun_”: from Chaucer’s description of the Cock in the story of the Cock and the Fox. PAGE 62 _terrible pike_: closely related to the pickerel. _kingfisher_: builds in holes in sand-banks near water. Its peculiar rattle sounds like the small boys’ “clapper.” PAGE 63 “_The present only toucheth thee!_”: Burns’s poem “To a Mouse.” PAGE 64 “_The fair music that all creatures made_”: from Milton’s poem “To a Solemn Music,” “solemn” meaning “orchestral” music. PAGE 65