Incas, the commander of the Inca beside the Huillcauma, who had been gradually limited to his sacerdotal functions.[P][95] [P] In Egypt we find a similar state of affairs, beside the bigoted Amenhotep IV., the Majordomus of the palace Haremheb, who “managed to unite in his hands the highest military and administrative functions of the empire, until he exercised the powers of a regent of the state.” Schneider, _Civilization and Thought of the Ancient Egyptians_. Leipzig, 1907, page 22. In addition to the office of supreme pontiff, the power of the head of the state is frequently increased enormously by the trading monopoly, a function exercised by the primitive chieftains as a natural consequence of the peaceful barter of guest-gifts. Such a trade monopoly, for example, was exercised by King Solomon; and latterly by the Roman Emperor Friedrich II.[Q][96] [Q] Cf. _Acta Imperii_, or _Huillard-Breholles, H. D. Fred. II._--_Translator._ As a rule, the negro chieftains are “monopolists of trading”;[97] as is the King of Sulu.[98] Among the Galla, wherever the supremacy of a head chief is acknowledged, he becomes “as a matter of course, the tradesman for his tribe; since none of his subjects is allowed to trade with strangers directly.”[99] Among the Barotse and Mabunda, the king is “according to the strict interpretation of the law, the only trader of his country.”[100] Ratzel notes, in telling language, the importance of this factor: “In addition to his witchcraft, the chief increases his power by a _monopoly of trading_. Since the chief is the sole intermediary in trade, everything desired by his subjects passes through his hands, and he becomes the donor of all longed-for gifts, the fulfiller of the fondest wishes. In such a system, there lie certainly the possibilities of great power.”[101] If, in conquered districts, where the power of government is apt to be more tensely exercised, there is added the monopoly of trade, the royal power may become very great.