_Banalités._ (Rights possessed by the lords of certain manors to oblige those residing on them to make use of his baking-office, mill, &c., upon payment.)--The provinces of Flanders, Artois, and Hainault were alone exempt from _banalités_. The Custom of Paris rigorously requires that this should not be exercised without written title. Every person domiciled within the circuit of the _banalité_ was subject to it, and, most generally, even the nobles and priests also. Besides the _banalité_ of the wine-press and baking-office there existed several others:-- (1.) _Banalités_ of industrial establishments, such as for cloth, tanning, or hemp. This _banalité_ is established by many _coutumes_, as for instance, by those of Anjou, the Maine, and Brittany. (2.) _Banalités_ of the wine-press. Few _coutumes_ mention this. But that of Lorraine, as well as that of the Maine, establish it. (3.) _Banalité_ of the manor bull. No _coutumes_ mention this; but there were title-deeds that established the right. The same may be said of the right of _banalité_ for butchers’ shambles. In general these latter _banalités_ of which we have just spoken were more uncommon, and looked upon with a still less favourable eye than the others. They could only be exercised by the clearest declaration of the _coutumes_, or, where that was wanting, by the most precise title. _Ban des Vendanges._--This was still practised throughout the whole of the kingdom in the eighteenth century. It was a simple right of police attached to the right of _haute justice_. In order to exercise it, the _Seigneur_, who was _Haut Justicier_, did not need to possess any other title. The _ban des vendanges_ was obligatory upon everybody. The _coutumes_ of Burgundy give the _Seigneur_ the right of gathering in his vintage a day before any other vine proprietor. _Droit de Banvin._--This was a right still possessed by a quantity of _Seigneurs_ (as our authors have it), either by custom or special title, to sell the wine grown upon their manors for a certain period of time, in general a month or forty days, before any one else. Among the _grandes coutumes_ those of Tours, Anjou, the Maine, and La Marche alone established it, and had regulations for it. A verdict of the _Cour des Aides_, dated 28th August, 1751, authorises publicans (as an exception to the common rule) to sell wine during the _banvin_; but this must have referred only to the wine of the _Seigneur_, made from that year’s growth. The _coutumes_ that establish and regulate the right of _banvin_ generally require that it should be founded upon legal title.