_Bacs._--The right of ferries differed materially from the right of toll. The latter was only levied upon merchandise; the former upon individuals, animals, and carriages. It was necessary that this right, in order to be exercised, should likewise be authorised by the King; and the dues, to be levied, had to be fixed by the same decree of Council that established and authorised it. _Droit de Leyde_ (to which many other names have been given in different places) was a tax levied upon merchandise brought to fairs and markets. Many lords of the manor (as appears by our _feudistes_) considered this right as one attached to the right of _haute justice_, and wholly manorial, but quite mistakenly, inasmuch as it could only be authorised by the King. At all events, this right only belonged to the _Seigneur_, who was _Haut Justicier_: he levied the police fines, to which the exercise of the right gave occasion. It appears, however, that, although by theory the _droit de leyde_ could only emanate from the King, it was frequently set up solely upon the basis of feudal title or long possession. It is very certain that fairs could not be established otherwise than by Royal authorisation. The lords of the manor, however, had no need of any precise title, or any concession on the part of the King, for the exercise of the right of regulating the weights and measures to be used by their vassals in all fairs and markets held upon the manor. It was enough for the right to be founded upon custom and constant possession. Our authors say that all the Kings, who, one after the other, were desirous of re-establishing uniformity in the weights and measures, failed in the attempt. Matters had been allowed to remain at the same point where they were when the old _coutumes_ were drawn up. _Chemins._ (Rights exercised by the lords of the manor upon roads.)--The high roads, called ‘_Chemins du Roi_’ (King’s highway), belonged, in fact, to the sovereigns alone; their formation, their reparation, and the offences committed upon them, were beyond the cognisance of the _Seigneurs_ or their judges. The by-roads, to be met with on any portion of a _Seigneurie_, doubtless belonged to such _Seigneurs_ as were _Hauts Justiciers_. They had all the rights of _voirie_ and police upon them, and their judges took cognisance of all the offences committed upon them, except in Royal cases. At an earlier period the _Seigneurs_ had been obliged to keep up the high roads passing through their _seigneurie_, and, as a compensation for the expenses incurred in these repairs, they were allowed the dues arising from tolls, settlement of boundaries, and barriers; but, at this epoch, the King had resumed the general direction of the high roads.