is liable to change, by the variation in her cargo: this will necessarily happen in steamers which take long voyages. At starting they are heavily laden with fuel, which as they proceed is gradually consumed, whereby the vessel is lightened; and it does not appear that it is practicable to use sea water as ballast to restore the proper degree of immersion. (118.) Among the contrivances which have been proposed for remedying these defects of the common paddle wheel by introducing paddle boards capable of shifting their position as they revolve with the circumference of the wheel, the only one which has been adopted to any considerable extent in practice is that which is commonly known as Morgan's Paddle Wheel. The original patent for this contrivance was granted to Elijah Galloway, and sold by him to Mr. William Morgan. Subsequently to the purchase some improvements in its structure and arrangements were introduced, and it is now extensively adopted by Government in the Admiralty steamers. It was first tried on board His Majesty's steamer the CONFIANCE; and after several successful experiments was ordered by the Lords of the Admiralty to be introduced on board the FLAMER, the FIREBRAND, the COLUMBIA, the SPITFIRE, the LIGHTNING, a large war steamer called the MEDEA,[38] the TARTARUS, the BLAZER, &c. It has been tried by Government in several well-conducted experiments, where two vessels of precisely the same model, supplied with similar engines of equal power, and propelled, one by Morgan's paddle-wheels, and the other by the common paddle-wheels; when it was found that the advantage of the former, whether in smooth or in rough water, was quite apparent. One of the commanders in these experiments (Lieutenant Belson) states that the improvement in the speed of the CONFIANCE, after being supplied with these wheels, was proportionately greater in a sea way than in smooth water; that their action was not impeded by the waves, since the variation of the velocity of the engine did not exceed one or two revolutions per minute: the vessel's way was never stopped, and there was no sensible increase of vibration on the paddle boxes during the gale. Another commander reported that on a comparison of the CONFIANCE and a similar and equally powerful vessel, the CARRON, the CONFIANCE performed in fifty-four hours the voyage which occupied the CARRON eighty-four hours in running. Independently of the great saving of fuel effected (namely, ten bushels per hour[39]), or the time saved in running the same distance, other advantages have been secured by the modification in question. On a comparison of the respective logs of the two vessels, it appeared that the CONFIANCE had gained by the alteration in her wheels an increase of speed amounting to 2 knots on 7 in smooth water, and 2-1/2 knots on 4 to 4-1/2 knots in rough weather; that the action of the paddles did not bring up the engine or retard their velocity in